Generation of Alkali Metal Iodide Aerosols with Glycerin for Inhalation

High-speed low-temperature gas analyzer for pulsed emissions of liquefied natural gas into the atmosphere based on immersion diode optocouplers

“…When the liquified gas is emitted into the atmosphere, there is a reduced temperature of the carbohydrate cloud. For example, in large-scale jet LNG emission of the weight up to 5 • 10 3 −10 4 kg, there was evident temperature reduction to 160 K in the center of the AFM cloud of the volume above 10 5 m 3 [10,11]. In this regard, before being supplied into the gas cuvette 1, the flux of the analyzed AFM is preheated in the electric oven 4 with the aerosol copper filter 5.…”

“…The characteristics of the IR gas analyzer with the light-emitting diode 9 of the LED34TO8TEC grade and the photodiode 10 of the PD34TO8TEC grade with λ = 3.4 µm [12-14] were calibrated and analyzed on a gas test bench by creating the given volume concentration of alkanes or LNG with filtered air with their homogeneous mixing in screw-corrugation pipes [10,11,15]. The carbohydrate concentration was determined from the relationship of the volume flowrates of alkanes or LNG and air with periodic chromatographic analysis of their samples.…”

“…When ensuring industrial safety of production and storage facilities of liquified natural gas (LNG), it is required to evaluate consequences of their man-made pulse emissions as jets and ground spillage with liquid-carbohydrate regasification formation of fire hazardous clouds of air fuel mixtures (AFM) with volume concentration inflammation limits (CIL) within the range from 5 to 15 vol.% [1][2][3]. It is quite difficult to analyze them as it is required to measure fluctuating values of the concentration C at the temperature of T ≥ 150 K with transmission of the digital data to the remote server, while the devices for scanning the AFM clouds must have a speed τ < 0.1 s, function at the velocity of gas-drop fluxes up to hundreds meters per second and be resistive to the gas pressure pulses of up to 10 5 Pa [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

“…The domestic IR gas analyzers based on the " Mipex" sensors using traditional light-emitting diodes and photodiodes with aerosol filters are characterized by the value τ ≈ 0.5−1 s at T > 150 K due to creating a pre-heated electric furnace flux of convective diffusion of a detected gas mixture through the sensor by means of an aspirator [9][10][11].…”

“…In the said IR analogues, the light-emitting diodes with a wide radiation diagram and the photodiodes are rigidly joined to a body of the gas cuvette [7][8][9][10][11]. It is not critical as the most of IR radiation is collected at a photodetector.…”