Generation of blue chrysanthemums by anthocyanin B-ring hydroxylation and glucosylation and its coloration mechanism

Noda, Naonobu; Yoshioka, Satoshi; Kishimoto, Sanae; Nakayama, Masayoshi; Douzono, Mitsuru; Tanaka, Yoshikazu; Aida, Ryutaro

doi:10.1126/sciadv.1602785

Cited by 135 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…High-performance liquid chromatography was performed following the method of Noda et al (2013). The structures of the major anthocyanins detected in the current study were determined and reported by Noda et al (2017).…”

Section: Anthocyanin Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Inheritance of Bluish Flower Color of Transgenic Chrysanthemum by Interspecific Hybrids

Aida

Douzono

Yoshioka

et al. 2018

JARQ

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Bluish transgenic chrysanthemums have already been produced and are expected to be commercialized. As domesticated chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) is known to cross with wild species native to Japan, the risk of transgene flows into the wild population must be considered. However, little research has been conducted on the crossability of transgenic chrysanthemums or on the heritability of the transgenes involved. In this study, we investigated artificial cross-pollination between color-modified chrysanthemums and the wild species Chrysanthemum japonense var. japonense. Relatively high seed set rates of 28.8%-53.5% were achieved. Based on a comparison between the size and shape of the flowerheads and leaves of the seedlings and the parent plant, most seedlings were assumed to be hybrids. Polymerase chain reaction was applied to amplify the Campanula F3'5'H gene fragment. The segregation and inheritance of the transgenes were confirmed. Some transgenic progeny exhibited a modified flower color similar to that of the parent. The progeny were also demonstrated to have accumulated anthocyanins specific to the parent plant. The results confirmed the transmission of the transgenes to the interspecific progeny. The modified anthocyanins then produced petals of similar color. To prevent unintended environmental consequences, techniques are needed to reduce the possibility of transgene flow to native chrysanthemum species. This will be a necessary precursor to the commercialization of bluish chrysanthemums in East Asia, specifically Japan.

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Section: Anthocyanin Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Inheritance of Bluish Flower Color of Transgenic Chrysanthemum by Interspecific Hybrids

Aida

Douzono

Yoshioka

et al. 2018

JARQ

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“…; Noda et al . , ). However, the content of Dp derivatives was higher than that of Cy derivatives in both V .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between the flavonoid composition and flower colour variation in Victoria

Zhang

et al. 2018

Plant Biol J

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Victoria (Nymphaeaceae), an annual or perennial aquatic plant genus, contains only two species: V. amazonica (Poepp.) J. C. Sowerby and V. cruziana A. D. Orb. Both species have large floating leaves and variable flower colour. Both Victoria species are night bloomers, which have white petals on the first blooming night that then turn pink or ruby red on the second blooming day. The mechanism of the colour change of Victoria petals during anthesis is still unclear. In this study, flavonoids in Victoria petals of both species were evaluated and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (HPLC-DAD) and by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) for the first time. In total, 14 flavonoids were detected in Victoria petals, including 4 anthocyanins and 10 flavonols. The flavonoid compositions differed across the two species, resulting in different colours between the inner and outer petals. With increased anthocyanin content across blooming days, the colour of Victoria flowers changed over time. The results of this study will improve understanding of the chemical mechanism of colour formation and lay the foundation for selective colour breeding in Victoria.

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“…In chrysanthemums, a few regulatory genes involved in flower development have been isolated, such as MADS-box, TCP, and WUS-like genes [10][11][12]16]. Some important functional genes and transcription factors involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway have also been characterized including ANS, F3′H, F3H and MYB-like genes [13][14][15][16]. However, chrysanthemums have complex capitula containing two morphologically distinct florets and through a long period of breeding a variety of flower shapes and diverse colors have been created.…”

Section: Abce Models Have Revealed That A-class Together With E-classmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pistils may be required for anthocyanin synthesis —— the whole-transcriptome analysis of mutant and normal capitula of Chrysanthemum morifolium

Liu

Luo

Chen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Chrysanthemum morifolium is one of the most economically important and popular floricultural crops in Asteraceae. Chrysanthemums have many different flower colors and shapes. However, the molecular mechanism controlling the development of chrysanthemum floral colors and shapes is still an enigma. We obtained a cut chrysanthemum variety with mutant capitula in which the ray florets became green and the inside pistils became vegetative buds, while normal capitula have many rounds of purple ray florets and few disc florets. Results We conducted whole-transcriptome analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the mutant and normal capitula using third-generation and second-generation sequencing techniques. We identified DEGs between the mutant and normal capitula to reveal important regulators underlying their differential development. Regulatory genes involved in the photoperiod pathway and the control of floral organ identification as well as important functional genes in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway were also identified. Therefore, a list of candidate genes for studying flower development and anthocyanin synthesis in chrysanthemums was generated. Qualitative analysis of pigments in the florets of normal and mutant capitula revealed anthocyanins were synthesized and accumulated in the florets of normal capitula, but not in the florets of mutant capitula. It was indicated that pistils may be required for anthocyanin synthesis in chrysanthemums. Conclusions These results will help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of floral organ development and will contribute to the development of techniques for studying flower shape and color regulation to promote breeding in chrysanthemum.

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Generation of blue chrysanthemums by anthocyanin B-ring hydroxylation and glucosylation and its coloration mechanism

Abstract: Coexpression of two anthocyanin modification genes elicits blue flower coloration through interaction with colorless flavonoids.

Cited by 135 publications

References 37 publications

Inheritance of Bluish Flower Color of Transgenic Chrysanthemum by Interspecific Hybrids

Inheritance of Bluish Flower Color of Transgenic Chrysanthemum by Interspecific Hybrids

Relationship between the flavonoid composition and flower colour variation in Victoria

Pistils may be required for anthocyanin synthesis —— the whole-transcriptome analysis of mutant and normal capitula of Chrysanthemum morifolium

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