Generation of continuous-wave 194-nm radiation by sum-frequency mixing in an external ring cavity

Abstract

Several microwatts of tunable cw radiation near 194 nm in a linewidth of less than 2 MHz have been generated by sum-frequency mixing the radiation from a frequency-doubled argon-ion laser with the radiation from a ring dye laser in a crystal of potassium pentaborate. An external ring cavity resonant with the dye laser gives an enhancement factor of about 14 in the sum-frequency-generated radiation power. The Doppler-limited absorption spectrum of the 6s(2)S((1/2))-6p(2)P((1/2)) first resonance line of natural Hg II has been resolved, and the vacuum wave number for the mass-202 isotope has been measured to be 51485.904(20) cm(-1).

Quantum projection noise: Population fluctuations in two-level systems

“…This was generated by a combination of second-harmonic generation and sum-frequency mixing, starting with cw lasers [29]. About 5 pW of 194-nm radiation were available.…”

Superposition, entanglement, and raising Schrödinger's cat

“…Although optical pumping of 199 Hg + could be achieved with radiation from isotopically selected Hg + fluorescence lamps [28][29][30], laser excitation was made difficult because of the short (194 nm) wavelength required. Jim Bergquist in our group, with colleagues Hamid Hemmati and Wayne Itano, first developed the required source by sum-frequency mixing a doubled Ar + laser at 515 nm with 792 nm from a dye laser in a potassium pentaborate crystal [32]. We used an RF trap with a simple ring-and-endcap structure shown in Fig.…”

Precise Optical Spectroscopy with Ion Traps

“…194nm radiation were required. This radiation was generated by sum-frequency mixing the output of a frequency doubled 514.5nm Ar+ laser with the output of a 792nm dye laser in a potassium pentaborate crystal [21]. The 194nm fluorescence was collected by a lens system and detected by a photomultiplier tube.…”