Generation of cortical event-related slow potentials in the rat involves nucleus basalis cholinergic innervation

Pirch, James H.; Corbus, Mary Jo; Rigdon, Greg C.; Lyness, William H.

doi:10.1016/0013-4694(86)90128-8

Cited by 50 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 42 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In particular, stimulation of the nucleus basalis ofMeynart can rapidly induce onset ofhigh-frequency oscillations in the auditory cortex of rats, suggesting that stimulus-induced activation of ascending cholinergic outflow from the nucleus basalis, stimulated by input from the reticular formation following attended, task-relevant auditory stimuli (35), may enhance stimulus-induced v-band oscillations in auditory cortex of fast responders in the RT task. The nucleus basalis is also involved in producing the contingent negative variation, a near-direct current potential appearing before expected events (36), suggesting that cholinergic activation might also be responsible for slow responders' larger prestimulus t-band activity in the RT task.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different event-related patterns of gamma-band power in brain waves of fast- and slow-reacting subjects.

Jokeit

Makeig²

1994

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

118

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fast-and dow-reacting subjects exhibit dif- By contrast, averages of time-varying event-related spectral (ERS) power reveal event-related modulations of ongoing or stimulus-induced oscillatory EEG activity, which are roughly time-locked but not specifically phase-locked to such events (4). The ways in which ERPs change when subjects actively respond to auditory stimuli instead of passively listening to them are well known (5). But while it is known that mean EEG spectral power in several frequency bands covaries with changes over time in performance of simple tasks (6, 7), less is known about rapid event-related changes in non-phase-locked EEG activity during task performance (8).This is particularly true for v-band EEG frequencies (25-90 Hz or higher) that are most commonly supposed to be associated with awareness or conscious perception (9-14). In human subjects, --band activity is enhanced during intense vigilance and performance ofcognitive tasks (6,9,10,(15)(16)(17), suppressed during central anesthesia and slow wave sleep (11, 12), and has been proposed to play essential roles in olfactory recognition, temporal integration, visual feature binding and segregation, and sensorimotor integration (18-24). Human ERPs evoked by auditory and other stimuli contain some v-band oscillations (25-27), but in animal cortex, vband activity induced by olfactory and visual stimuli usually appear as irregular bursts roughly time-locked but not phase-locked to stimulus onsets (20, 28-31).The present study answers three questions: (i) How does the EEG frequency spectrum after presentation of brief auditory stimuli differ when subjects react quickly to the stimuli instead of passively listening to them? (ii) Do v-band components ofthe stimulus-locked ERP also differ in the two conditions? (iii) Do fast-and slow-reacting subjects have qualitatively similar or different dynamic patterns of vband EEG activity during the response task? Our analysis of time-varying power in the v-frequency band demonstrates that two different modes of auditory-response processing underlie between-subject reaction time differences, supporting claims that vband activity has functional significance in sensorimotor processing. METHODSTwenty-three right-handed adults (ages 20-53) were tested in two conditions. (i) One hundred and ten clicks (2-ms-wide square pulses, 75 decibels sound pressure level) were presented binaurally through head phones at random interstimulus intervals of 3-7 s. (ii) Subjects were asked to react as quickly as possible to a second set of 275 identical clicks by pressing a response button with the right index finger. EEG epochs of 640 ms, beginning 128 ms before each click, were recorded with a sampling rate of 2000 Hz using a 12 bit analog/digital converter with an analog high-pass-filter cutoff

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different event-related patterns of gamma-band power in brain waves of fast- and slow-reacting subjects.

Jokeit

Makeig²

1994

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

118

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These electrophysiological results support anatomical findings that cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain are innervated by a GABAergic inhibitory projection which arises from the nucleus accumbens. Ridgon andPitch (1984, 1986) impressively demonstrated the functional significance of the basal forebrain GABA-cholinergic interactions. They recorded frontal cortical neurons in animals which were trained to associate a tone-cue with rewarding medial forebrain bundle stimulation.…”

Section: Eleetrophysiological Evidencementioning

confidence: 98%

Activating the damaged basal forebrain cholinergic system: tonic stimulation versus signal amplification

1990

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The hypothesis that the cognitive decline in senile dementia is related to the loss of cortical cholinergic afferent projections predicts that pharmacological manipulations of the remaining cholinergic neurons will have therapeutic effects. However, treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors or muscarinic agonists has been, for the most part, largely unproductive. These drugs seem to disrupt the normal patterning of cholinergic transmission and thus may block proper signal processing. An alternative pharmacological strategy which focuses on the amplification of presynaptic activity without disrupting the normal patterning of cholinergic transmission appears to be more promising. Such a strategy may make use of the normal GABAergic innervation of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in general, and in particular of the inhibitory hyperinnervation of remaining cholinergic neurons which may develop under pathological conditions. Disinhibition of the GABAergic control of cholinergic activity is assumed to intensify presynaptic cortical cholinergic activity and to enhance cognitive processing. Although the extent to which compounds such as the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist beta-carboline ZK 93,426 act via the basal forebrain GABA-cholinergic link is not yet clear, the available data suggest that the beneficial behavioral effects of this compound established in animals and humans are based on indirect cholinomimetic mechanisms. It is proposed that an activation of residual basal forebrain cholinergic neurons can be achieved most physiologically via inhibitory modulation of afferent GABAergic transmission. This modulation may have a therapeutic value in treating behavioral syndromes associated with cortical cholinergic denervation.

show abstract

“…The earliest formulations of the cognitive events underlying the CNV characterized these as anticipation or preparation for incoming information (Hillyard, 1973;Walter, Cooper, Aldridge, McCallum, & Winter, 1964). Physiological data have supported the idea that such negative shifts reflect cortical activation (see McCallum, 1988;Pirch, Corbus, Rigdon, & Lyness, 1986).9…”

Section: Final Wordsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of semantic and syntactic context on open- and closed-class words

1991

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded as subjects read semantically meaningful, syntactically legal but nonsensical and random word strings. The constraints imposed by formal sentence structure alone did not reduce the amplitude of the N400 component elicited by open-class words, whereas semantic constraints did. Semantic constraints also eliminated the word-frequency effect of a larger N400 for low-frequency words. Responses to closed-class words exhibited reduced N400 amplitudes in syntactic and congruent sentences, indicating that formal sentence structure placed greater restrictions on closed-class words than it did on open-class words. However, unlike the open-class results, the impact of sentence context on closed-class words was stable across word positions, suggesting that these syntactic constraints were applied only locally. A second ERP component, distinct from the N400, was elicited primarily by congruent closed-class words.Much experimental effort has been devoted to demonstrating that people are faster at identifying (or require less sensory information to identify) words that occur in an informative context than they are at identifying words that do not. In natural discourse, readers and listeners have several theoretically distinct sources of information that they may use in the transformation of a visual or acoustic signal into a meaningful representation. These include associations between individual words in long-term memory, semantic information derived from larger chunks of the ongoing discourse or real-world knowledge, syntactic restrictions provided by the grammar of the language, the overall probability of occurrence of particular words based on their frequency of usage in the reader's/listener's experience with the language, and pragmatic cues. Psycholinguistic research has attempted to describe how each source of information is used, addressing such questions as whether different cues are utilized serially or in parallel, whether they are allowed to interact or are kept distinct until a relatively late stage of processing, whether each type of information is applied to all words or only a subset, and whether or not different sources of information or vocabulary types are interpreted by distinct neural circuits.In the present experiment, we examined the impact of three potentially informative cues for the processing of A brief report of this study was presented at the 28th annual meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological Research, in October 1988. We are grateful to Jon Hansen for software support, to Jeff Elman. Liz Bates. Robert Proctor, and two anonymous reviewers for commenting on an earlier version of the paper, to Cathy Harris for helpful discussions, and to Steve Hillyard for making his facilities available for preparation of the manuscript.

show abstract

Generation of cortical event-related slow potentials in the rat involves nucleus basalis cholinergic innervation

Cited by 50 publications

References 42 publications

Different event-related patterns of gamma-band power in brain waves of fast- and slow-reacting subjects.

Different event-related patterns of gamma-band power in brain waves of fast- and slow-reacting subjects.

Activating the damaged basal forebrain cholinergic system: tonic stimulation versus signal amplification

Influences of semantic and syntactic context on open- and closed-class words

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About