Generation of curved fold-thrust belts: Insight from simple physical and analytical models

Marshak, Stephen; Wilkerson, M. Scott; Hsui, Albert T.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-3066-0_7

Cited by 78 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Based on analogue models, it appears that the obliquity between the inherited rift boundary and the applied stresses (e.g. Marshak et al 1992;Macedo & Marshak, 1999) could be the factor causing such a narrow sub-Andean front.…”

Section: The Vaupés Swell and The Fitzcarrald Archmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tectonic History of the Andes and Sub‐Andean Zones: Implications for the Development of the Amazon Drainage Basin

Mora

Baby

Roddaz

et al. 2009

Amazonia: Landscape and Species Evolution

110

118

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Section: The Vaupés Swell and The Fitzcarrald Archmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tectonic History of the Andes and Sub‐Andean Zones: Implications for the Development of the Amazon Drainage Basin

Mora

Baby

Roddaz

et al. 2009

Amazonia: Landscape and Species Evolution

110

118

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“…Most of the active deformation occurs along the most foreland-ward thrust. As suggested by additional analog and numerical experiments (e.g., Ballard et al, 1987;Marshak et al, 1992;Sassi et al, 1993;Letouzey et al, 1995;Philippe et al, 1996;Vanbrabant et al, 1999), other structural and rheological parameters, like ductile materials within and at the base of the sedimentary pile, irregularities in the basal décollement (especially variation in thickness, lateral pinch outs, fault offsets and flexures) are crucial for the structural style of the belt. Of particular importance to this respect are preorogenic faults and foreland obstacles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Structural inheritance and cenozoic stress fields in the Jura fold-and-thrust belt (France)

et al. 2002

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Based on an analysis of 8000 minor fault-slip data in the Jura Mountains (France), we discuss the influence of pre-existing discontinuities on the development of fold-and-thrust belts. We present palinspastic maps showing the stress fields and active faults during the Cenozoic pre-orogenic events in the Jura belt prior to the main Late Miocene fold-and-thrust tectonics. During the Eocene, a N -S strike-slip regime produced a few NNE -SSW sub-vertical strike-slip faults in the central external Jura and a few E -W reverse faults in the eastern Jura near the future frontal thrust. During the Oligocene, an average WNW -ESE extension, with irregular stress trajectories, resulted in normal faulting along N -S to NE -SW trends in the external part of the belt, WNW -ESE trends along the future northern and northeastern frontal thrust, and NW -SE trends in the internal Jura. The Late Miocene tectonics began with a strike-slip regime with a fan-shaped compressional trajectory. It was followed by a stress field with similar stress direction, but local r 2 /r 3 stress permutation resulted in strike-slip regime domains contrasting with reverse regime domains. Stress deflections and permutations occurred near inherited cover and basement discontinuities. Major deformation zones, like the Jura frontal thrust onto the foreland, the thrust of the internal central Jura onto the external Jura, and the narrow deformation bands within the flat-lying plateaus formed close to the inherited faults. The structural style of the Jura belt thus partly mimics the pre-orogenic fault pattern. Stress deflections point to the pre-orogenic faults, express the indentation process of the Jura by its hinterland, and highlight successive slip events along major faults during the fold-and-thrust tectonics. This case study illustrates the relevance of minor fault-slip studies for characterizing both the pre-orogenic tectonics and the kinematics of the deformation. D

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“…a primary arc, leads necessarily to divergent, fanning strain trajectories within this deformation zone. The limbs of any arc produced in this way are characterized by transpressional wrenching deformation (Sanderson and Marchini, 1984;Sylvester, 1988;Marshak et al, 1992;Wilkerson et al, 1992). Argand (1924, p. 210 and ®g.…”

Section: Arc Formation Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain, displacement and rotation associated with the formation of curvature in fold belts; the example of the Jura arc

Hindle

Burkhard

1999

Journal of Structural Geology

106

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A new simpli®ed genetic classi®cation scheme for arcuate fold±thrust belts is proposed. Based on total strain patterns and displacement vector ®elds, we distinguish three extreme end-member models: (1)`Oroclines', pure bending of an initially straight belt, (2)`Piedmont glacier' with divergent transport directions and (3)`Primary arcs'. A simple geometric model set-up for the simulation of strain patterns in primary arcs with uniform transport direction demonstrates that divergent strain trajectories and rotations of passive marker lines do not require any divergence in displacement directions. These often quoted arguments are insu cient for the identi®cation of`Oroclinal bending' or`Piedmont glacier' type of arc formation. Only three-dimensional restorations of an arc provide the critical information about displacement directions. In their absence, arc parallel stretches and rotations in comparison with total strains provide the most useful criteria for the distinction of arc formation modes. As an example, the Jura fold±thrust belt of the external Alps is discussed. A large set of strain data includes total shortening estimates based on balanced cross-sections, local strain axes orientations from the inversion of fault populations [Homberg, C., 1996. Unpublished PhD thesis, UniversiteÂ de Paris VI (France)], tectonic stylolites and micro-strains from twinning in sparry calcite. Strain trajectories (maximum shortening direction) computed from these data de®ne a strongly divergent fan with a 908 opening. A complete displacement vector ®eld for the entire Jura has been determined from balanced cross-sections augmented with three-dimensional`block mosaic' restorations [Philippe, Y., 1995. Unpublished PhD thesis, UniversiteÂ de ChambeÂ ry (France)]. Displacement vectors diverge by about 408, markedly less than strain trajectories. The non-parallelism between strain trajectories and transport directions indicates that considerable wrenching deformation did occur in both limbs of the Jura arc. Paleomagnetically determined clockwise rotations of 0±138 from ten sites (Kempf, O., et al., Terra Nova 10, 6±10) behind the right-hand half of the Jura arc and two sites with a combined 238 anticlockwise rotation behind the left-hand half of the arc are and additional argument in favor of such a wrenching deformation. We conclude that the Jura arc formed as a`Primary arc' with a minor component of`Piedmont glacier' type divergence in transport directions.

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Generation of curved fold-thrust belts: Insight from simple physical and analytical models

Cited by 78 publications

References 20 publications

Tectonic History of the Andes and Sub‐Andean Zones: Implications for the Development of the Amazon Drainage Basin

Tectonic History of the Andes and Sub‐Andean Zones: Implications for the Development of the Amazon Drainage Basin

Structural inheritance and cenozoic stress fields in the Jura fold-and-thrust belt (France)

Strain, displacement and rotation associated with the formation of curvature in fold belts; the example of the Jura arc

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