Generation of global political priority for early childhood development: the challenges of framing and governance

Shawar, Yusra Ribhi; Shiffman, Jeremy

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31574-4

Cited by 84 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…A large proportion of child mortality is attributable to unsafe drinking water and inadequate sanitation (e.g., refs. [48] and [49]). Freshwater resources are threatened by overuse, pollution, and climate change, which undermine access to clean drinking water and therefore increase the risk of water-related disease.…”

Section: Clarifications On Data and Methodological Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 98%

Governing the Interlinkages between the Sustainable Development Goals: Approaches to Attain Policy Integration

2017

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The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of 2015 form a universal and integrated policy agenda to be realized over the next 15 years. One of the targets is the attainment of policy coherence for sustainable development, which requires the individual goals to become interlinked. This article's main research interest lies in assessing how national governments and their competent ministries interpret and strive to implement the target of policy coherence for sustainable development. Drawing on the Voluntary National Reviews submitted in 2016 and 2017 by six countries, this study shows that at the national level, the links among the different goals and the idea of policy integration are subject to divergent interpretations. The differences observed do not stem from the interlinkages of the SDGs as defined by the United Nations, neither do they result from different levels of income or degree of political centralization. Instead, the respective domestic policy‐making processes are likely to explain the implementation strategies adopted by the individual states. For example, the implementation approach adopted by the government of Turkey suggests that path‐dependency is critical, whereas the Colombian approach consists of defining new policy measures and institutional arrangements.

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Section: Clarifications On Data and Methodological Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 98%

Governing the Interlinkages between the Sustainable Development Goals: Approaches to Attain Policy Integration

2017

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“…Two of the case studies—on ECD 12 and surgically-treatable conditions 13 —were conducted as independent studies, motivated by recognition that these issues present a large global burden but receive insufficient attention and resources. Six of the case studies 4-9 were conducted as part of a larger research project funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation examining the emergence and effectiveness of global health networks.…”

Section: The Eight Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…a Sources of information on network recent form and on problem definition, positioning, coalition-building and governance: alcohol harm 9 ; early childhood development 12 ; maternal mortality 6 ; neonatal mortality 7 ; pneumonia 5 ; surgically-treatable conditions 13 ; tobacco control 8 ; tuberculosis. 4 …”

Section: The Eight Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Four Challenges That Global Health Networks Face

Shiffman

2017

Int J Health Policy Manag

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Global health networks, webs of individuals and organizations with a shared concern for a particular condition, have proliferated over the past quarter century. They differ in their effectiveness, a factor that may help explain why resource allocations vary across health conditions and do not correspond closely with disease burden. Drawing on findings from recently concluded studies of eight global health networks—addressing alcohol harm, early childhood development (ECD), maternal mortality, neonatal mortality, pneumonia, surgically-treatable conditions, tobacco use, and tuberculosis—I identify four challenges that networks face in generating attention and resources for the conditions that concern them. The first is problem definition: generating consensus on what the problem is and how it should be addressed. The second is positioning: portraying the issue in ways that inspire external audiences to act. The third is coalition-building: forging alliances with these external actors, particularly ones outside the health sector. The fourth is governance: establishing institutions to facilitate collective action. Research indicates that global health networks that effectively tackle these challenges are more likely to garner support to address the conditions that concern them. In addition to the effectiveness of networks, I also consider their legitimacy, identifying reasons both to affirm and to question their right to exert power.

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“…1–3 The Lancet published a seminal series on this topic in 2007. 3, 45 In a second series in 2016, “Advancing Early Childhood Development: From Science to Scale”, 1, 6–10 45 experts from dozens of global institutions were brought together to review the latest early childhood development intervention strategies in low and middle income countries (LMICs). 7, 8 From this literature, the WHO/UNICEF sponsored Care for Child Development (CCD) package emerges as the most widely used manualized program for early childhood development (ECD) intervention in LMICs (https://www.unicef.org/earlychildhood/index_68195.html,).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Caregiver Training on the Neurodevelopment of HIV-Exposed Uninfected Children and Caregiver Mental Health: A Ugandan Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial

Boivin

Nakasujja

Familiar‐Lopez

et al. 2017

J Dev Behav Pediatr

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Objective Early childhood development (ECD) programs typically combine healthy nutrition and cognitive stimulation in an integrated model. We separately delivered these two components in a cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate their comparative effectiveness in promoting healthy child development and caregiver mental health. This is the first study to do so for HIV-affected children and their infected mothers,. Methods 221 HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) child (2 to 3 years old) and caregiver dyads in 18 geographic clusters in Eastern Uganda were randomized by cluster to receive biweekly individualized sessions of either 1) Mediational Intervention for Sensitizing Caregivers (MISC) training emphasizing cognitive stimulation, or 2) Uganda Community Based Association for Child Welfare program that delivered (UCOBAC) health and nutrition training. Children were evaluated at baseline, six months, one year (training conclusion), and one-year post-training with the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL), the Color-Object Association Test (COAT) for memory, the Early Childhood Vigilance Test (ECVT) of attention, and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF-parent). The Caldwell HOME was completed by observers to gauge caregiving quality after training. Caregiver depression/anxiety (Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25) and functionality (list of activities of daily living) were also evaluated. Data collectors were blinded to trial arm assignment. Results MISC resulted in significantly better quality of caregiving compared to UCOBAC mid-intervention with an adjusted mean difference (MadjDiff ) of 2.34 (95% CI: 1.54, 3.15, p<0.01), post intervention (MadjDiff=2.43, 95% CI: 1.61, 3.25, p<0.01) and at one year follow-up (MadjDiff=2.07, 95% CI: 1.23, 2.90, p<0.01). MISC caregivers reported more problems on the BRIEF for their child at one-year post-training only (p<0.01). Caregiving quality (HOME) was significantly correlated with MSEL composite performance one-year post training for both the MISC and the UCOBAC trial arms. Likewise, physical growth was significantly related to child development outcomes even though it did not differ between trial arms. Conclusions Even though MISC demonstrated an advantage of improving caregiving quality, it did not produce better child cognitive outcomes compared to health and nutrition training.

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Generation of global political priority for early childhood development: the challenges of framing and governance

Cited by 84 publications

References 18 publications

Governing the Interlinkages between the Sustainable Development Goals: Approaches to Attain Policy Integration

Governing the Interlinkages between the Sustainable Development Goals: Approaches to Attain Policy Integration

Four Challenges That Global Health Networks Face

Effect of Caregiver Training on the Neurodevelopment of HIV-Exposed Uninfected Children and Caregiver Mental Health: A Ugandan Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial

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