Generation of laboratory nanoflares from multiple braided plasma loops

Yang, Zhiru; Pree, Seth; Bellan, Paul M.

doi:10.1038/s41550-023-01941-x

Nat Astron

2023

DOI: 10.1038/s41550-023-01941-x

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Generation of laboratory nanoflares from multiple braided plasma loops

Zhiru Yang

Seth Pree

Paul M. Bellan

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2024

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Cited by 3 publications

References 29 publications

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Phase-space distribution and relaxation of fundamental plasma structures at kinetic scales

Yoon

2024

Rev. Mod. Plasma Phys.

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Although equilibrium solutions of fundamental plasma structures such as current sheets and flux ropes have been extensively studied, they form in general from initially non-equilibrium states. Here, we summarize how non-equilibrium structures relax to an equilibrium in a collisionless manner at kinetic scales. Particle orbits in the underlying electromagnetic fields can be classified into distinct classes, which in turn leave corresponding footprints in phase-space. A linear Vlasov analysis shows that the structures respond in such a way that particle orbit class transitions are induced that pinch and heat the current sheet. These transitions are directly confirmed by tracking real-time particle trajectories in kinetic simulations of pinching non-equilibrium structures. The resultant kinetic equilibria are much more likely to be the underlying structures in various plasma phenomena, instead of idealized, Maxwellian equilibria such as the Harris sheet. Further implications are discussed.

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Phase-space distribution and relaxation of fundamental plasma structures at kinetic scales

Yoon

2024

Rev. Mod. Plasma Phys.

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Two-stream instability with a growth rate insensitive to collisions in a dissipative plasma jet

Bellan

2023

Physics of Plasmas

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The two-stream instability (Buneman instability) is traditionally derived as a collisionless instability with the presumption that collisions inhibit this instability. We show here via a combination of a collisional two-fluid model and associated experimental observations made in the Caltech plasma jet experiment, that in fact, a low-frequency mode of the two-stream instability is indifferent to collisions. Despite the collision frequency greatly exceeding the growth rate of the instability, the instability can still cause an exponential growth of electron velocity and a rapid depletion of particle density. Nevertheless, high collisionality has an important effect as it enables the development of a double layer when the cross section of the plasma jet is constricted by a kink-instigated Rayleigh–Taylor instability.

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Energetic electron tail production from binary encounters of discrete electrons and ions in a sub-Dreicer electric field

Bellan

2023

Physics of Plasmas

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During transient instabilities in a 2 eV, highly collisional MHD-driven plasma jet experiment, evidence of a 6 keV electron tail was observed via x-ray measurements. The cause for this unexpected high energy tail is explored using numerical simulations of the Rutherford scattering of a large number of electrons and ions in the presence of a uniform electric field that is abruptly turned on as in the experiment. When the only active processes are Rutherford scattering and acceleration by the electric field, contrary to the classical Fokker–Planck theory of plasma resistivity, it is found that no steady state develops, and instead, the particle kinetic energy increases continuously. However, when a power loss mechanism is introduced mimicking atomic line radiation, a near steady state can develop and, in this case, an energetic electron tail similar to that observed in the experiment can develop. The reasons underlying this behavior are analyzed, and it is shown that an important consideration is that Rutherford scattering is dominated by the cumulative effect of grazing collisions, whereas atomic line radiation requires an approximately direct rather than a grazing collision.

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Generation of laboratory nanoflares from multiple braided plasma loops

Cited by 3 publications

References 29 publications

Phase-space distribution and relaxation of fundamental plasma structures at kinetic scales

Phase-space distribution and relaxation of fundamental plasma structures at kinetic scales

Two-stream instability with a growth rate insensitive to collisions in a dissipative plasma jet

Energetic electron tail production from binary encounters of discrete electrons and ions in a sub-Dreicer electric field

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