Generation of long-lived isomeric states via bremsstrahlung irradiation

Abstract

A method to generate long-lived isomeric states effectively for Mössbauer applications is reported. We demonstrate that this method is better and easier to provide highly sensitive Mössbauer effect of long-lived isomers (>1ms) such as 103 Rh. Excitation of (γ,γ) process by synchrotron radiation is painful due mainly to their limited linewidth.Instead, (γ,γ') process of bremsstrahlung excitation is applied to create these long-lived Rh have been generated from this method.Among them, 103 Rh is the only one that we have obtained the gravitational effect at room temperature.

Cooling effect in emissions of103mRh excited by bremsstrahlung

“…The square rhodium sample with dimensions of 2.5×2.5×1 mm 3 is irradiated by the bremsstrahlung from a 6-MeV linac [1][2][3]. The sample is polycrystalline with 99.9% purity (Goodfellow Rh00300).…”

“…There are several methods to excite the long-lived nuclear states with different species of nuclei, as reported in the literature: by coulomb excitation [4], the (γ,γ') bremsstrahlung excitation [5][6][7][8], the (γ,γ') photo-activation [9], and the (n,γ) neutron excitation [10]. Although 107m Ag [5,6,7,9], 109m Ag [5,6,9], and 103m Rh [8,9,10] obtained by (γ,γ') and (n,γ) have been investigated, none of them addressed the issue of anomalous emissions as reported in our previous works [1][2][3] and the study presented in this paper. For the inversion density of a two-level model of the 103 Rh isotope excited by the bremsstrahlung irradiation, linear and nonlinear regimes have been identified and reported [1].…”

“…In the previous reports, interesting anomalies with the characteristic emissions, including Kα, Kβ and γ, at room temperature from the long-lived nuclear state of 103m Rh excited by bremsstrahlung irradiation have been observed [1][2][3]. There are several methods to excite the long-lived nuclear states with different species of nuclei, as reported in the literature: by coulomb excitation [4], the (γ,γ') bremsstrahlung excitation [5][6][7][8], the (γ,γ') photo-activation [9], and the (n,γ) neutron excitation [10].…”

Resonant X-ray excitation of the nuclear clock isomer 45Sc

“…Among them is a 88-keV transition in 109 Ag with a 57-s lifetime that was investigated with radioactive sources for almost 60 years 15,19 without yielding conclusive Article evidence yet for resonance detection. Other approaches have used bremsstrahlung to populate indirectly long-lived isomeric states such as the 39-keV level of 103 Rh using higher-energy broadband excited states 20 . Fortunately, some lower-energy isomers exist that qualify for coherent resonant electromagnetic excitation.…”