Generation of multicellular tumor spheroids <i>via</i> 3D cell culture utilizing a hydrogel comprising chitosan and allylthiourea

Yadav, Paramjeet; Afgan, Shere; Singh, Virendra; Pal, Krishtan; Jaiswal, Sheetal; Kumar, Rajesh; Koch, Biplob

doi:10.1039/d3nj01569f

New J. Chem.

2023

DOI: 10.1039/d3nj01569f

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Generation of multicellular tumor spheroids via 3D cell culture utilizing a hydrogel comprising chitosan and allylthiourea

Paramjeet Yadav¹,

Shere Afgan²,

Virendra Singh³

et al.

Abstract: Hydrogels made with Chitosan (CS) biopolymer can undergo mechanical and chemical modifications that can lead to new properties and functions in the biomedical field which can be used for 3D...

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2024

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Cited by 4 publications

References 61 publications

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Chitosan‐based self‐healing hydrogel mediated by poly(acrylic‐methacrylic acid) exhibiting high biocompatibility and anti‐tumor activity

Pal,

Kumar,

Yadav

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Multi‐responsive, self‐healing hydrogels were developed utilizing positively charged polysaccharides, chitosan, and water‐soluble chitosan. This fabrication employed free‐radical synthesized polyacrylic acid and polymethacrylic acid along with the cross‐linker FeCl3, resulting in the generation of polyelectrolyte metal complexes, which enhances the properties of the chitosan‐based hydrogels, particularly their mechanical strength, self‐healing ability, thermal stability, swelling behavior, porous structure, cell viability, and even anticancer activity. Characterization and stability assessment of the hydrogels were performed using FT‐IR, nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography, scanning electron microscopy, rheometer, x‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, DSC, and UV spectroscopy. FT‐IR measurements indicated that the facile complexation of the cross‐linker's metal ions (Fe3+) with the carboxylate (COO−), amino (NH), and hydroxyl (OH) groups of the polymers and chitosan chains facilitated rapid gelation. Furthermore, the sustained release of the drug levofloxacin (up to 80%) was observed to increase with increasing pH due to the hydrogels' anionic nature. Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity tests were conducted using the MTT assay on splenocytes and Dalton Lymphoma cancer cell lines. These tests demonstrated the promising potential of these hydrogels for drug delivery applications.

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Chitosan‐based self‐healing hydrogel mediated by poly(acrylic‐methacrylic acid) exhibiting high biocompatibility and anti‐tumor activity

Pal,

Kumar,

Yadav

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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show abstract

Allylthiourea‐mediated self‐healing hydrogels based on poly(vinyl alcohol): Enhanced cell viability/biocompatibility and sustained drug release

Yadav,

Afgan,

Pal

et al. 2024

Journal of Polymer Science

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Hydrogel‐based materials represent promising candidates for drug delivery. In our research, we synthesized a series of hydrogels—PVATU‐1 (2:1), PVATU‐2 (1:1), and PVATU‐3 (0.5:1)—by adjusting the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) ratio while maintaining a constant ratio of allylthiourea (ATU) monomer and glutaraldehyde cross‐linker, aiming to understand their impacts on gelation. These PVATU hydrogels displayed impressive swelling in neutral conditions and exhibited visible self‐healing capabilities. Notably, PVATU‐1 shows superior mechanical strength among the variants. Surface analysis using AFM and SEM unveiled porous structures within the hydrogels, while thermal stability tests indicated their resilience up to 200°C. DSC analysis revealed minimal variation in glass transition temperatures (Tg), affirming stability. A distinct endothermic peak around 250–350°C across all hydrogels confirmed their semi‐crystalline nature, corroborated by powder XRD. Noteworthy, PVATU‐1 demonstrated optimal loading and releasing efficiency for levofloxacin, with 74.5% loading and 82.8% releasing efficiency within 18 h. Biocompatibility assessments on HeLa cells affirmed the nontoxicity of PVATU hydrogel treatments.

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Synthetic and natural polymer hydrogels: A review of 3D spheroids and drug delivery

Yadav,

Singh,

Jaiswal

et al. 2024

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

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Generation of multicellular tumor spheroids via 3D cell culture utilizing a hydrogel comprising chitosan and allylthiourea

Abstract: Hydrogels made with Chitosan (CS) biopolymer can undergo mechanical and chemical modifications that can lead to new properties and functions in the biomedical field which can be used for 3D...

Cited by 4 publications

References 61 publications

Chitosan‐based self‐healing hydrogel mediated by poly(acrylic‐methacrylic acid) exhibiting high biocompatibility and anti‐tumor activity

Chitosan‐based self‐healing hydrogel mediated by poly(acrylic‐methacrylic acid) exhibiting high biocompatibility and anti‐tumor activity

Allylthiourea‐mediated self‐healing hydrogels based on poly(vinyl alcohol): Enhanced cell viability/biocompatibility and sustained drug release

Synthetic and natural polymer hydrogels: A review of 3D spheroids and drug delivery

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