Generation of nitrogen and methane from sedimentary organic matter: Implications on the dynamics of natural gas accumulations

Krooß, Bernhard M.; Littke, Ralf; Müller, Beat; Frielingsdorf, Jürgen; Schwochau, K.; Idiz, Erdem

doi:10.1016/0009-2541(95)00124-7

Cited by 184 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…shales and/or coals has been favoured in a number of previous studies (e.g. Everlien 1990;Scholten 1991;Krooss et al 1995;Littke at el. 1995;Gerling et al 1998;Mingram et al 2003).…”

Section: Origin Of Nitrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid and gas migration in the North German Basin: fluid inclusion and stable isotope constraints

Lüders

Reutel

Hoth

et al. 2005

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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Fluid inclusions have been studied in minerals infilling fissures (quartz, calcite, fluorite, anhydrite) hosted by Carboniferous and Permian strata from wells in the central and eastern part of the North German Basin in order to decipher the fluid and gas migration related to basin tectonics. The microthermometric data and the results of laser Raman spectroscopy reveal compelling evidence for multiple events of fluid migration. The fluid systems evolved from a H 2 O-NaCl±KCl type during early stage of basin subsidence to a H 2 ONaCl-CaCl 2 type during further burial. Locally, fluid inclusions are enriched in K, Cs, Li, B, Rb and other cations indicating intensive fluid-rock interaction of the saline brines with Lower Permian volcanic rocks or sediments. Fluid migration through Carboniferous sediments was often accompanied by the migration of gases. Aqueous fluid inclusions in quartz from fissures in Carboniferous sedimentary rocks are commonly associated with co-genetically trapped CH 4 -CO 2 inclusions. P-T conditions estimated, via isochore construction, yield pressure conditions between 620 and 1,650 bar and temperatures between 170 and 300°C during fluid entrapment. The migration of CH 4 -rich gases within the Carboniferous rocks can be related to the main stage of basin subsidence and stages of basin uplift. A different situation is recorded in fluid inclusions in fissure minerals hosted by Permian sandstones and carbonates: aqueous fluid inclusions in calcite, quartz, fluorite and anhydrite are always H 2 O-NaCl-CaCl 2 -rich and show homogenization temperatures between 120 and 180°C. Co-genetically trapped gas inclusions are generally less frequent. When present, they show variable N 2 -CH 4 compositions but contain no CO 2 . P-T reconstructions indicate low-pressure conditions during fluid entrapment, always below 500 bar. The entrapment of N 2 -CH 4 inclusions seems to be related to phases of tectonic uplift during the Upper Cretaceous. A potential source for nitrogen in the inclusions and reservoirs is C org -rich Carboniferous shales with high nitrogen content. Intensive interaction of brines with Carboniferous or even older shales is proposed from fluid inclusion data (enrichment in Li, Ba, Pb, Zn, Mg) and sulfur isotopic compositions of abundant anhydrite from fissures. The mainly light d 34 S values of the fissure anhydrites suggest that sulfate is either derived through oxidation and redeposition of biogenic sulfur or through mixing of SO 4 2À -rich formation waters with variable amounts of dissolved biogenic sulfide. An igneous source for nitrogen seems to be unlikely since these rocks have low total nitrogen content and, furthermore, even extremely altered volcanic rocks from the study area do not show a decrease in total nitrogen content.

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“…shales and/or coals has been favoured in a number of previous studies (e.g. Everlien 1990;Scholten 1991;Krooss et al 1995;Littke at el. 1995;Gerling et al 1998;Mingram et al 2003).…”

Section: Origin Of Nitrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid and gas migration in the North German Basin: fluid inclusion and stable isotope constraints

Lüders

Reutel

Hoth

et al. 2005

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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“…Nitrogen is produced in large quantities during both the microbial processes and the thermogenic transformation of organic matter (Kotarba 1988;Krooss et al 1995). For instance, coalification of 1 kg of humic coal is associated with a change volatile matter (VM daf ) yield from initially 40 down to 4 % generates about 3.5 dm 3 of N 2 (Kotarba 1988).…”

Section: Paleozoic-mesozoic Natural Gases Of the Polish Carpathian Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of natural gases in the Paleozoic-Mesozoic basement of the Polish Carpathian Foredeep

Kotarba¹

2012

Geologica Carpathica

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Hydrocarbon gases from Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous reservoirs in the Paleozoic basement of the Polish Carpathian Foredeep were generated mainly during low-temperature thermogenic processes ("oil window"). They contain only insignificant amounts of microbial methane and ethane. These gaseous hydrocarbons were generated from Lower Carboniferous and/or Middle Jurassic mixed Type III/II kerogen and from Ordovician-Silurian Type II kerogen, respectively. Methane, ethane and carbon dioxide of natural gas from the Middle Devonian reservoir contain a significant microbial component whereas their small thermogenic component is most probably genetically related to Ordovician-Silurian Type II kerogen. The gaseous hydrocarbons from the Upper Jurassic and the Upper Cretaceous reservoirs of the Mesozoic basement were generated both by microbial carbon dioxide reduction and thermogenic processes. The presence of microbial methane generated by carbon dioxide reduction suggests that in some deposits the traps had already been formed and sealed during the migration of microbial methane, presumably in the immature source rock environment. The traps were successively supplied with thermogenic methane and higher hydrocarbons generated at successively higher maturation stages of kerogen. The higher hydrocarbons of the majority of deposits were generated from mixed Type III/II kerogen deposited in the Middle Jurassic, Lower Carboniferous and/or Devonian strata. Type II or mixed Type II/III kerogen could be the source for hydrocarbons in both the Tarnów and Brzezówka deposits. In the Cenomanian sandstone reservoir of the Brzezowiec deposit and one Upper Jurassic carbonate block of the Lubaczów deposit microbial methane prevails. It migrated from the autochthonous Miocene strata.

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“…The commercial production of shale gas and shale oil, however, has changed this idea and the mudrocks have received renewed attention in recent years because of their emergence as effective hydrocarbon reservoirs (Curtis, 2002;Montgomery et al, 2005;Jarvie et al, 2007;Pollastro, 2007;Loucks et al, 2009). A shale gas system is an unconventional petroleum system in which the shale acts as both the source of, and the reservoir for, hydrocarbon gases that are derived from the organic matter within the shales through biogenic and/or thermogenic processes (Krooss et al, 1995;Hill et al, 2007;Strą po c et al, 2010). Shale gas is stored in one or more of three forms: (1) free gas in pores and fractures, (2) adsorbed gas in organic matter and on inorganic minerals, and (3) dissolved gas in oil and water (Curtis, 2002;Zhang et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A preliminary study on the pore characterization of Lower Silurian black shales in the Chuandong Thrust Fold Belt, southwestern China using low pressure N2 adsorption and FE-SEM methods

Tian

Pan

Xiao

et al. 2013

Marine and Petroleum Geology

490

281

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Generation of nitrogen and methane from sedimentary organic matter: Implications on the dynamics of natural gas accumulations

Cited by 184 publications

References 18 publications

Fluid and gas migration in the North German Basin: fluid inclusion and stable isotope constraints

Fluid and gas migration in the North German Basin: fluid inclusion and stable isotope constraints

Origin of natural gases in the Paleozoic-Mesozoic basement of the Polish Carpathian Foredeep

A preliminary study on the pore characterization of Lower Silurian black shales in the Chuandong Thrust Fold Belt, southwestern China using low pressure N2 adsorption and FE-SEM methods

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