Generation of plumes under a localized high viscosity lid in 3‐D spherical shell convection

Yoshida, Masaki; Iwase, Yasuyuki; Honda, Sawao

doi:10.1029/1999gl900147

Cited by 44 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The volume‐averaged temperature is 0.27 in this case. As we expect, compared with the convections with high Rayleigh number and the strong internal heating [ Bunge et al , 1996; Yoshida et al , 1999; Zhong et al , 2000b], the thermal structure of this purely bottom‐heated convection is dominated by considerably long‐wavelength structure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Low‐degree mantle convection with strongly temperature‐ and depth‐dependent viscosity in a three‐dimensional spherical shell

Yoshida

Kageyama

2006

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] A series of numerical simulations of thermal convection of Boussinesq fluid with infinite Prandtl number, with Rayleigh number 10 7 , and with the strongly temperatureand depth-dependent viscosity in a three-dimensional spherical shell is carried out to study the mantle convection of single-plate terrestrial planets like Venus or Mars without an Earth-like plate tectonics. The strongly temperature-dependent viscosity (the viscosity contrast across the shell is ! 10 5 ) makes the convection under stagnant lid shortwavelength structures. Numerous, cylindrical upwelling plumes are developed because of the secondary downwelling plumes arising from the bottom of lid. This convection pattern is inconsistent with that inferred from the geodesic observation of the Venus or Mars. Additional effect of the stratified viscosity at the upper/lower mantle (the viscosity contrast is varied from 30 to 300) are investigated. It is found that the combination of the strongly temperature-and depth-dependent viscosity causes long-wavelength structures of convection in which the spherical harmonic degree ' is dominant at 1-4. The geoid anomaly calculated by the simulated convections shows a long-wavelength structure, which is compared with observations. The degree-one (' = 1) convection like the Martian mantle is realized in the wide range of viscosity contrast from 30 to 100 when the viscosity is continuously increased with depth at the lower mantle.Citation: Yoshida, M., and A. Kageyama (2006), Low-degree mantle convection with strongly temperature-and depth-dependent viscosity in a three-dimensional spherical shell,

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Low‐degree mantle convection with strongly temperature‐ and depth‐dependent viscosity in a three‐dimensional spherical shell

Yoshida

Kageyama

2006

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…Upwelling mantle flow naturally develops underneath a large continent (44), causing tensile stresses of order 100 MPa that may break it up (45,46). A combination of broad, hot material under the continent and subduction forces at its edges generates sufficient stresses to break up a continent in -200 million years (47), contradicting previous notions that focused upwelling plumes are required for continental breakup.…”

Section: Continentsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Many studies (44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52) have focused on continental plate regions, without being concerned about how oceanic plates form. Continents cover nearly one-third of Earth's surface and consist of buoyant material, 5300 km thick, that remains at Earth's surface for billions of years.…”

Section: Continentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mantle Convection and Plate Tectonics: Toward an Integrated Physical and Chemical Theory

Tackley

2000

Science

404

236

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Plate tectonics and convection of the solid, rocky mantle are responsible for transporting heat out of Earth. However, the physics of plate tectonics is poorly understood; other planets do not exhibit it. Recent seismic evidence for convection and mixing throughout the mantle seems at odds with the chemical composition of erupted magmas requiring the presence of several chemically distinct reservoirs within the mantle. There has been rapid progress on these two problems, with the emergence of the first self-consistent models of plate tectonics and mantle convection, along with new geochemical models that may be consistent with seismic and dynamical constraints on mantle structure.

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“…[18] The formation of active mantle upwellings below a model supercontinent has been observed in numerous past studies [e.g., Gurnis, 1988;Zhong and Gurnis, 1993;Lowman and Jarvis, 1996;Yoshida et al, 1999;Lowman and Gable, 1999;Honda et al, 2000;Zhong et al, 2007;O'Neill et al, 2009]. However, many previous studies omit the inclusion of oceanic plates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal response of the mantle following the formation of a “super‐plate”

Heron

Lowman

2010

Geophysical Research Letters

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[1] Evidence indicating that the mantle below Pangea was characterized by elevated temperatures supports the widely held view that a supercontinent insulates the underlying mantle. Implementing a 3D model of mantle convection featuring distinct oceanic and continental plates, we explore different effects of supercontinent formation on mantle evolution. We find that a halt in subduction along the margins of the site of the continental collision is sufficient to enable the formation of mantle plumes below a composite "super-plate" and that the addition of continental properties that contribute to insulation have little effect on sub-continental temperature. Our findings show that the mean temperature below a supercontinent surpasses that below the oceanic plates when the former is a perfect insulator but that continental thermal insulation plays only a minor role in the growth of sub-supercontinent mantle plumes. We suggest that the growth of a super-oceanic plate can equally encourage the appearance of underlying upwellings. Citation: Heron, P. J., and J. P. Lowman (2010), Thermal response of the mantle following the formation of a "super-plate," Geophys.

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Generation of plumes under a localized high viscosity lid in 3‐D spherical shell convection

Cited by 44 publications

References 18 publications

Low‐degree mantle convection with strongly temperature‐ and depth‐dependent viscosity in a three‐dimensional spherical shell

Low‐degree mantle convection with strongly temperature‐ and depth‐dependent viscosity in a three‐dimensional spherical shell

Mantle Convection and Plate Tectonics: Toward an Integrated Physical and Chemical Theory

Thermal response of the mantle following the formation of a “super‐plate”

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