Generation of runaway electrons and X rays in an inhomogeneous electric field at high gas pressures

Abstract

Results of experimental studies of the amplitude–temporal characteristics of a runaway electron (RE) beam, as well as breakdown voltage and discharge current with a picosecond time resolution are presented. The maximum pressure, at which a RE beam is detectable, decreases with increasing the voltage rise time. The waveforms of the discharge and RE beam currents are synchronized with those of the voltage pulses. It is shown that the amplitude–temporal characteristics of the RE beam depend on the designs of the gas-filled diode and cathode, as well as the gap length. The mechanism for the generation of REs in atmospheric-pressure gases is analyzed on the basis of the obtained experimental data.

Subnanosecond high‐voltage breakdown initiated in high‐pressure nitrogen by a runaway electron beam

“…2b and c that the time of voltage decay in the gap is ∼1.5 ns. Comparison of our results with data of other studies [2,15,24,26] shows that to record SAEB currents at high pressures, it is required to decrease the voltage rise time and to increase the voltage amplitude across the gap. It is also required to reduce the gap width.…”

“…The number of runaway electrons with such energy at the cathode was supposedly much smaller, as it follows, e.g. from research data showing that the number of high‐energy electrons increases with d [15]. However, the number of fast electrons generated at the cathode and in the discharge gap is quite sufficient for preliminary ionisation of nitrogen and formation of a diffuse discharge.…”

“…Recently, increasing interest has been shown in gas breakdowns of duration ∼1 ns and less [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. The breakdown can initiate both diffuse and spark discharges [17] in which the falltime of the voltage pulse and the residual voltage depend on many factors.…”

Стримеры При Субнаносекундном Пробое Аргона И Азота В Неоднородном Электрическом Поле При Обеих Полярностях

“…При этом одновременно могли регистрироваться либо напряжение и ток разряда, либо напряжение и ток СЛЭП. Аналогичные исследования параметров СЛЭП проводились в работах [1,7,9,14,20,21,23,27].…”

Влияние Скорости Волны Ионизации На Напряжение В Линии При Развитии Импульсного Пробоя

“…Начальная стадия развития импульсного пробоя перенапряженного промежутка с сильно неоднородным электрическим полем сопровождается формированием пучка убегающих электронов [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. За этим пучком следует волна ионизации, которая представляет собой резкий градиент концентрации заряженных частиц в направлении ее движения.…”