Generation of Seismic-Related DC Electric Fields and Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling

Abstract

This paper reviews modeling of the influence of earthquake (EQ) preparation processes on the ionosphere through the electric field and electric current occurring in the global atmosphere-ionosphere electric circuit. Our consideration is based on the satellite-and ground-based experimental data of electric fields, plasma and electromagnetic perturbations obtained for several days before an EQ. We have ruled out the models which are not consistent with the experimental data on the electric fields in the ionosphere and also on the ground surface. There has then been proposed a new model of the generation of electric field on the basis of injection of charged aerosols into the atmosphere, and we discuss the mechanism of lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling. It is then shown that such changes in the electric field within the ionosphere induce a variety of plasma and electromagnetic phenomena associated with an impending EQ.

Is there any difference in local time variation in ionospheric F2-layer disturbances between earthquake-induced and Q-disturbance events?

“…On the other hand, although an improved coupling model for lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling was developed by several authors (Sorokin and Hayakawa, 2013;Kuo et al, 2014), the mechanism of the seismo-ionospheric precursor is far from being well understood. There is a tendency of transition from acoustically-driven mechanisms to electric-field coupling (Pulinets and Davidenko, 2014).…”

“…Recently, Kamogawa and Kakinami (2013) claimed that the variation of 12 slant TEC from 40 minutes before the Tohoku earthquake reported by Heki (2011) was due to 13 tsunami rather than the precursory enhancement. ionosphere coupling were developed by several authors (Sorokin and Hayakawa, 2013;Kuo et al, 20 2014), the mechanism of seismo-ionospheric precursor is far beyond well understood. There is a 21 tendency of transition from acoustic-driven mechanisms to electric field coupling (Pulinets and 22 Davidenko, 2014).…”

“…Hence, the ∼ µ V m −1 electric field only leads to ∼ 0.04 m s −1 drift velocity, which need not be considered in investigating ionospheric variation. Sorokin and Hayakawa (2013) obtained several mV m −1 electric field in the ionosphere by introducing an external current, J e , generated by charged aerosols injected into the atmosphere and keeping the total current divergence-free; (J + J e ) = 0. However, in a recent paper, Pulinets and Davidenko (2014) doubted the existence of charged aerosols, and proposed the concept of the global electric circuit (GEC), providing a reasonable explanation of the anomalous electric field in the ionosphere, due to the deAnn.…”

Ground-based acoustic parametric generator impact on the atmosphere and ionosphere in an active experiment

“…The acoustic lithosphere-ionosphere coupling is increasingly considered as one of the important factors of seismoionospheric phenomena (Sorokin and Hayakawa, 2013;Klimenko et al, 2011). The need for modelling of powerful disasters such as earthquakes (Gokhberg and Shalimov, 2000) has produced many studies of the acoustic effects in the ionosphere of powerful nuclear and technical explosions.…”

“…Moreover, in order to search the seismogenic effects in the ionosphere, it is necessary to unify the well-developed model of the electromagnetic channel to seismo-ionospheric coupling (Molchanov et al, 1995;Rapoport et al, 2004b;Grimalsky et al, 1999;Pulinets and Boyarchuk, 2004;Sorokin and Hayakawa, 2013) with the model of the acoustic channel (Gokhberg and Shalimov, 2000;Rapoport et al, 2004aRapoport et al, , 2009Koshevaya et al, 2002;Grimalsky et al, 2003;Zettergren and Snively, 2015;Iyemori et al, 2015). Traditionally, AGWs and electromagnetic waves have been considered as the basis of two main competitive mechanisms of seismo-ionospheric coupling (Sorokin and Hayakawa, 2013;Klimenko et al, 2011;Pulinets and Boyarchuk, 2004).…”