Generation of structural diversity in polyphosphazenes

Abstract

Polyphosphazenes are macromolecules with a chain of alternating phosphorus and nitrogen atoms and with two (usually) organic side groups linked to each phosphorus. Although the earliest poly(organophosphazenes) were essentially linear polymers each bearing only one type of side group along the chain, research in our program in recent years has widened the scope to include mixed‐substituent polymers with two or more different side groups, block copolymers, comb structures, stars, and dendrimers, all with a wide variety of different properties. In addition, supramolecular systems have also been synthesized including vesicles, microspheres, and a variety of composite systems. This review provides a summary of these developments together with an introduction to the widening array of developing uses. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Poly(alkylidene chlorophosphate)s via Acyclic Diene Metathesis Polymerization: A General Platform for the Postpolymerization Modification of Poly(phosphoester)s

“…Further, the backbone of polyphosphazenes is extremely hydrolysis sensitive while the phosphate linkages are more stable and can carry additional functionalities. 38,39 Motivated by these facts, it was feasible to synthesize reactive PPEs with a decent stability in the presence of water and air. In order to confirm these properties, the poly(alkylidene chlorophosphate)s were exposed to different nucleophiles such as 2-methoxyethanol (MeO(CH 2 ) 2 OH) as well as 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), phenol (PhOH), ferrocenemethanol (fcCH 2 OH), water (H 2 O), and benzylamine (BnNH 2 ) in the presence of a base in order to remove the hydrogen chloride byproduct.…”

Synthetic biodegradable functional polymers for tissue engineering: a brief review

“…Polyphosphazenes-Compared to poly(α-hydroxy acids) and poly(anhydrides), polyphosphazenes ( Figure 1) are a relatively newer class of biodegradable polymers [27]. Polyphosphazenes are usually of high molecular weight, and as linear polymers have an inorganic backbone of alternating phosphorous and nitrogen atoms with two side groups attached to each phosphorous atom (Figure 1).…”

Synthesis of Polyphosphazene Derivatives via Thiol‐ene Click Reactions in an Aqueous Medium

“…[ 4,5 ] First, synthesis of functional the main chain. [ 18,19 ] The unique feature of polyphosphazene science is the ease of macromolecular substitution, where chlorine atoms on a precursor polymer consisting of polydichlorophosphazene can be substituted by various nucleophiles. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] The substituent groups attached to the phosphorous atoms endow polyphosphazenes with different physical and chemical characteristics, thus producing materials that can be applied to a wide range of applications.…”