Generation of sub-MHz and spectrally-bright biphotons from hot atomic vapors with a phase mismatch-free scheme

Hsu, Chia-Yu; Wang, Yusheng; Chen, Jia-Mou; Huang, Fon-Shan; Ke, Yi-Ting; Huang, Emily Kay; Hung, Wei-Lun; Chao, Kai-Lin; Hsiao, Shih-Si; Chen, Yi-Hsin; Chuu, Chih-Sung; Chen, Ying-Cheng; Chen, Yong-Fan; Yu, Ite A.

doi:10.1364/oe.415473

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…We systematically studied the generation rate and linewidth of biphotons and the background counts as functions of the pump power, P pump , and the vapor cell temperature, T cell , [i.e., equivalently the optical depth (OD) of the atomic vapor]. P pump was varied from 2 to 16 mW, and T cell ranged between 38 and 65 • C. We kept the coupling power to 4.0 mW throughout the study, which corresponds to the Rabi frequency of 5.4Γ as determined by the EIT spectrum [47][48][49] . This coupling Rabi frequency enables the biphoton linewidths measured here to be always around 1 MHz, which is well below the natural linewidths of the atomic transitions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two major physical mechanisms are used to produce biphotons: the spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] and spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] . The SPDC is employed for nonlinear crystals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The linewidth of the hot-atom SFWM biphotons can be varied for more than an order of magnitude and narrowed down to 290 kHz 47 , while the linewidth of SPDC biphotons is fixed by the optical cavity. Thus, the SFWM biphoton source of hot atoms is versatile in the application of long-distance quantum communication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…reported a 630-kHz biphoton source with the spectral brightness of 2.3× 10 4 pairs/s/MHz 47 . Prior to this work, the hot-atom SFWM biphoton source had a far lower spectral brightness, compared with the SPDC biphoton source.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Room-temperature biphoton source with a spectral brightness near the ultimate limit

Chen,

Hsu,

Huang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The biphotons, or pairs of time-energy entangled photons, generated from a hot atomic vapor via the process of spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) have the following merits: stable and tunable frequencies as well as linewidth. Such merits are very useful in the applications of long-distance quantum communication. However, the hot-atom SFWM biphoton sources previously had far lower values of generation rate per linewidth, i.e., spectral brightness, as compared with the sources of biphotons generated by the spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) process. Here, we report a hot-atom SFWM source of 960-kHz biphotons with a generation rate of 3.7× 10 5 pairs/s. The high generation rate, together with the narrow linewidth, results in a spectral brightness of 3.8× 10 5 pairs/s/MHz, which is 17 times of the previous best SFWM result and also better than all known SPDC results. The all-copropagating scheme employed in our biphoton source is the key improvement, enabling the achieved spectral brightness to be about one quarter of the ultimate limit. Furthermore, this biphoton source had a signal-to-background ratio (SBR) of 2.7, which violated the Cauchy-Schwartz inequality for classical light by about two-fold. Although an increasing spectral brightness usually leads to a decreasing SBR, our systematic study indicates that both of the present spectral brightness and SBR can be further enhanced. This work demonstrates a significant advancement and provides useful knowledge in the quantum technology using photons.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Room-temperature biphoton source with a spectral brightness near the ultimate limit

Chen,

Hsu,

Huang

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…Meanwhile, a photon-pair source realized using an alkali atomic vapor cell can afford high device compactness and operational simplicity relative to sources based on cold atomic systems [20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photon-Pair Generation from Chip-Scale Cs Atomic Vapor Cell

Kim¹,

Park²,

Hong³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The realization of a narrowband photonic quantum source based on a chip-scale atomic device is considered essential in the practical development of photonic quantum information science and technology. In this study, we present the first step toward the development of a photon-pair source based on a microfabricated chip-scale Cs atomic vapor cell. Time-correlated photon pairs from the millimeter-scale Cs vapor cell are emitted via the spontaneous four-wave mixing process of the cascade-type 6S1/2–6P3/2–8S1/2 transition of 133Cs. The maximum normalized cross-correlation value between the signal and idler photons is measured as 622(8) under a weak pump power of 10 mW. Our photon source violates the Cauchy–Schwartz inequality by a factor of >105. We believe that our approach has very important applications in the context of realizing practical scalable quantum networks based on atom–photon interactions.

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Review of Biphoton Sources Based on the Double‐Λ$\Lambda$ Spontaneous Four‐Wave Mixing Process

Chen,

Peters,

Hsieh

et al. 2024

Adv Quantum Tech

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This review article focuses on biphoton sources based on the double‐ spontaneous four‐wave mixing (SFWM) process in laser‐cooled as well as room‐temperature or hot atomic ensembles. These biphoton sources have the advantage of providing stable frequencies, ultranarrow linewidths, and a tunability of the temporal biphoton width of more than one order of magnitude for high‐bandwidth applications. Therefore, the generated photons can be efficiently interfaced to, e.g., atomic quantum memories. In contrast, solid‐state biphoton sources typically require assistance by an optical cavity to operate at narrow linewidth that limits the tunability of the temporal width of the biphotons. Present state‐of‐the‐art double‐ SFWM biphoton sources can achieve one of the following results: a spectral linewidth of 50 kHz (290 kHz) or a temporal width of 13 (580 ns) with cold (hot) atoms, a detection rate of about 7 cps, and a generation rate of cps at a duty cycle of 0.4% or of cps in the steady state. The theoretical background of these biphoton sources, experimental implementations with cold and hot atoms, and progress over the years, will be illustrated.

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Generation of sub-MHz and spectrally-bright biphotons from hot atomic vapors with a phase mismatch-free scheme

Cited by 25 publications

References 65 publications

Room-temperature biphoton source with a spectral brightness near the ultimate limit

Room-temperature biphoton source with a spectral brightness near the ultimate limit

Photon-Pair Generation from Chip-Scale Cs Atomic Vapor Cell

Review of Biphoton Sources Based on the Double‐Λ$\Lambda$ Spontaneous Four‐Wave Mixing Process

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