Generation of switched memory B cells in response to vaccination in Down syndrome children and their siblings

Valentini, Diletta; Marcellini, Valentina; Bianchi, Simona; Villani, Alberto; Facchini, Marzia; Donatelli, Isabella; Castrucci, Maria Rita; Marasco, Emiliano; Farroni, Chiara; Carsetti, Rita

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.10.083

Cited by 44 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…There is conflicting evidence regarding serum immunoglobulin levels in DS. Valentini et al (30) found that overall serum immunoglobulin levels were in the normal range, except for IgA which was found to be 40% lower compared with controls. They also found that salivary IgA was normal, despite the contrary being reported in other studies (31).…”

Section: B Lymphocytesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Immune Dysregulation in Children With Down Syndrome

Huggard

Doherty

2020

Front. Pediatr.

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Section: B Lymphocytesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Immune Dysregulation in Children With Down Syndrome

Huggard

Doherty

2020

Front. Pediatr.

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“…Following vaccination to influenza A or polysaccharide pneumococcus, antibody responses are active in persons with Down syndrome, yet antibody titres are lower [166,169,177,178]. One possible contribution to increased prevalence and severity of pulmonary infection in Down syndrome could be reduced numbers of subsets of B-cells, such as switched memory B-cells [179,180]. Deficit of such cells in Down syndrome could result in suboptimal protection from, and response to, infectious agents.…”

Section: Immune System Disturbances Impacting Cardiopulmonary Functiomentioning

confidence: 99%

What people with Down Syndrome can teach us about cardiopulmonary disease

Colvin

Yeager

2017

Eur Respir Rev

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Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal abnormality among live-born infants. Through full or partial trisomy of chromosome 21, Down syndrome is associated with cognitive impairment, congenital malformations ( particularly cardiovascular) and dysmorphic features. Immune disturbances in Down syndrome account for an enormous disease burden ranging from quality-of-life issues (autoimmune alopecia) to more serious health issues (autoimmune thyroiditis) and life-threatening issues (leukaemia, respiratory tract infections and pulmonary hypertension). Cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases account for ∼75% of the mortality seen in persons with Down syndrome. This review summarises the cardiovascular, respiratory and immune challenges faced by individuals with Down syndrome, and the genetic underpinnings of their pathobiology. We strongly advocate increased comparative studies of cardiopulmonary disease in persons with and without Down syndrome, as we believe these will lead to new strategies to prevent and treat diseases affecting millions of people worldwide.

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“…IgM memory B cells representing the first-line defense against infection [10] are 1/3 of normal, whereas highly specific switched memory B cells are 7-10 fold less than expected [11,12]. We have also shown that children with DS respond poorly to primary immunization and their protection may require tailored vaccination protocols [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Notwithstanding the numerous reports demonstrating that immune deficiency is a consistent feature of the syndrome, [14] children with DS are not included in the list of patients at higher risk for infection. We suggest that pneumococcal and influenza vaccines should be strongly considered in children with DS [13]. In addition, Palivizumab for RSV prophylaxis is indicated for DS children with congenital heart disease or prematurity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Pidotimod on recurrent respiratory infections in children with Down syndrome: a retrospective Italian study

et al. 2020

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Background: Children with Down syndrome (DS) show a high susceptibility to recurrent infections (RI), caused by immune defects and abnormalities of the airways. Our goal was to investigate the effects of Pidotimod on RI prevention in children with DS, comparing immune and clinical parameters before (T0) and after (T1) the treatment with Pidotimod. Methods: The study was conducted at the Down syndrome outpatient Center of Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, in Rome. We reviewed the medical records of all children with a positive history for RI and who received oral prophylaxis of Pidotimod from September 2016 to February 2017. Results: Thirty-three children met the inclusion criteria (males: 51.5%; average age: 6 years ±SD: 3). We found a significant decrease in the number of children with upper respiratory infections (82% at T0 vs 24% at T1; p = 0,0001) and with lower respiratory infections (36% at T0 vs 9% at T1; p = 0.003) after treatment with Pidotimod. We also demonstrated a significant decrease in the number of children hospitalized for respiratory infections (18% at T0 vs 3% at T1; p = 0.03). We measured T and B cells in the peripheral blood and B cell function in vitro at T0 and T1. We found that the response to CpG improved at T1. A significant increase of B cell frequency (p = 0.0009), B cell proliferation (p = 0.0278) and IgM secretion (p = 0.0478) were observed in children with DS after treatment. Conclusions:Our results provided evidence that Pidotimod may be able to prevent RI in children with Down syndrome.

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Generation of switched memory B cells in response to vaccination in Down syndrome children and their siblings

Abstract: Down syndrome individuals should be considered a high risk group, because of their increased susceptibility to infection and reduced number of switched memory B cells. Tailored vaccination protocols are needed in order to reduce their burden of infections throughout life.

Cited by 44 publications

References 31 publications

Immune Dysregulation in Children With Down Syndrome

Immune Dysregulation in Children With Down Syndrome

What people with Down Syndrome can teach us about cardiopulmonary disease

Effects of Pidotimod on recurrent respiratory infections in children with Down syndrome: a retrospective Italian study

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