Generation of Synthetic Earthquake Accelerograms Using Seismological Modelling: A Review

Simulation of Ground Motion Using the Stochastic Method

“…It can be determined from ground deformation or from seismic waves. Table 1 Some references on methodology ATKINSON (1997, 1998a), BOORE (1983BOORE ( , 1984BOORE ( , 1989bBOORE ( , 1996BOORE ( , 2000, BOORE and JOYNER (1984), CAMPBELL (1999), CARTWRIGHT andLONGUET-HIGGINS (1956), CORREIG (1996), ERDIK and DURUKAL (2001), GHOSH (1992), HANKS and MCGUIRE (1981), HERRMANN (1985), JOYNER (1984JOYNER ( , 1995, JOYNER and BOORE (1988), KAMAE and IRIKURA (1992), KAMAE et al (1998), KOYAMA (1997), LAM et al (2000), LIAO and JIN (1995), PEZESHK (1998, 1999), LOH and YEH (1988), MILES and HO (1999), Ó LAFSSON and SIGBJO¨RNSSON (1999), HERRMANN (1990a, 1990b), PAPAGEORGIOU and AKI (1983a), PEZESHK et al (2001), RATHJE et al (1998), SABETTA andIt can be estimated from paleoseismological studies. It can be related to slip rates on faults.…”

Synthesis of accelerograms compatible with the Chinese GB 50011-2001 design spectrum via harmonic wavelets: artificial and historic records

“…Lutes and Lilhanand, 1979;Clough and Penzien, 1993;Falsone and Neri, 2000;Giaralis and Spanos, 2009) or seismological models (see e.g. Lam et al, 2000;Ólaffson et al, 2001;Boore, 2003) can be used to represent the power spectrum function Y(ω) in Eq.…”

“…In this regard, various researchers have considered the derivation of response/design spectrum consistent stationary power spectra (Gupta and Joshi, 1993;Shrikhade and Gupta, 1996;Falsone and Neri, 2000;Crespi et al, 2002), and evolutionary power spectra (Spanos and Vargas Loli, 1985;Giaralis and Spanos, 2009) for deriving artificial response spectrum compatible signals via random field simulation (see also Spanos and Zeldin, 1998). In a similar context, a vast amount of literature has been devoted to developing "seismological" models amenable to a frequency domain representation aiming to capture the influence of the seismic fault rupture (source), the seismic waves propagation (path), and the local soil conditions (site) in the strong ground motion (Lam et al, 2000;Ólaffson et al, 2001;Boore, 2003). Eventually, random field simulation techniques are utilized to obtain acceleration time-histories compatible with these models, commonly referred to as "synthetic" accelerograms (e.g.…”

“…Eventually, random field simulation techniques are utilized to obtain acceleration time-histories compatible with these models, commonly referred to as "synthetic" accelerograms (e.g. Lam et al, 2000;Bommer and Ruggeri, 2002). Apart from the above standard probabilistic approaches for obtaining artificial/synthetic accelerograms to be used in time-history analysis applications, Iyama and Kuwamura (1999) employed the wavelet transform, Lin and Ghaboussi (2001) considered properly trained stochastic neural networks, Wang et al (2002) utilized the adaptive chirplet transform and Wen and Gu (2004) incorporated the empirical mode decomposition in conjunction with the Hilbert transform to capture the time-varying frequency content of recorded earthquakes and to simulate non-stationary strong ground motion signals.…”

Modelling Earthquake Ground Motions by Stochastic Method

“…Thus, earthquake ground motions that are recorded locally are not essential for model www.intechopen.com development and time-histories simulations. Basic principles of the simulations and an introductory description of the seismological model can be found in the review article written by the authors (Lam et al, 2000a). More detailed descriptions of the techniques for constraining filter functions in the absence of locally recorded ground motions can be found in .…”