Generation of transgenic sugar beet (Beta vulgarism L.) overexpressing the polygalacturonase inhibiting protein 1 of Phaseolus vulgaris (PvPGIP1) through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation

Abstract

Numerous diseases caused by fungal pathogens influence the annual production of sugar beet. In order to obtain a plant resistant to fungi, genetic transformation has been applied to the sugar beet. To invade a plant tissue, phytopathogenic fungi produce several cell wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs); polygalacturonases (PGs) are pathogenicity factors produced at the earlier stages of a fungal infection that depolymerize the homogalacturonan. One of the strategies used by plants to limit the degradation of the cell wall polysaccharides by fungal CWDEs is the production of proteinaceous inhibitors. Against fungal, microbial, and insect PGs, plants produce cell wall-associated polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs). The overexpression of PGIPs improves the resistance to fungal and bacterial necrotrophs in different plants. In this research, the gene encoding the PGIP1 fused downstream of the leader sequence for secretion in the extracellular environment was isolated from Phaseolus vulgaris and cloned into the expression vector pBI121 for the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of sugar beet. Modified transformation protocol and selection strategies were developed. In comparison with the preexisting methods, the transformation efficiency was increased and different cultivars were transformed, highlighting the general effectiveness of the method applied. The presence of the transgene and the activity of PvPGIP1 were confirmed by PCR and agarose diffusion assay analyses, respectively, and the present and copy number of the transgene in the T0 plants' genome were demonstrated by Southern blot.

Identification of a candidate gene for bruchid resistance by combining fine mapping and transcriptome profiling in mung bean (Vigna radiata L.)

“…The overexpression of PGIPs in transgenic plants improves the resistance to bacterial and fungal pathogen (Aguero et al 2005;Ferrari et al 2012). PGIPs counteract fungal PGs by forming speci c complexes with them in the cell wall of many plants (Torki et al 2000;De Lorenzo et al 2001), the accumulation of partially digested fragments of polygalacturonic acid and oligogalacturonides induce the plant defense responses (De Lorenzo et al 2001;Martin et al 2003;Mohammadzadeh et al 2015). PGIP reduces the susceptibility to bacterial and fungal attack in different transgenic plants, such as Arabidopsis (Ferrari et al 2003), wheat (Janni et al 2008), sugar beet (Powell et al 2000), pear (Powell et al 2000), and apple (Mohammadzadeh et al 2015).…”

Optimization of agrobacterium‐mediated transformation of sugar beet: Glyphosate and insect pests resistance associated genes

“…Transformation of sugar beet with several genes collected in a single vector accelerates improvement of this species to cope with adverse effects of pests and weeds in the field. Most studies used a single transgene for transformation of sugar beet and little information is available on multiple-gene transformation events (Jafari et al, 2009;Kishchenko et al, 2005;Krens et al, 1988;Lytvyn et al, 2014;Mannerlöf, Tuvesson, Steen Tenning, 1997;Mohammadzadeh et al, 2015). In the protocol used for transformation of sugar beet, promoters used in the binary vector helped expression of the genes in target tissues.…”