Generation of virus genetic lineages during an outbreak of poliomyelitis

Kinnunen, Leena; Pöyry, Tuija; Hovi, Tapani

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-72-10-2483

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…cVDPV isolates from outbreaks similarly have low genetic diversity, as the duration of their infections and modes of transmission are probably the same as for wild polioviruses (34,70,73,89). Although some diversification of wild type 3 poliovirus in a single immunocompetent person has been reported, the extent of divergence was far lower than what has been observed with immunodeficient long-term chronic excretors (42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Intratypic Recombination among Lineages of Type 1 Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Emerging during Chronic Infection of an Immunodeficient Patient

Yang

Chen

Jorba

et al. 2005

J Virol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We determined the complete genomic sequences of nine type 1 immunodeficient vaccine-derived poliovirus (iVDPV) isolates obtained over a 337-day period from a poliomyelitis patient from Taiwan with common variable immunodeficiency. The iVDPV isolates differed from the Sabin type 1 oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) strain at 1.84% to 3.15% of total open reading frame positions and had diverged into at least five distinct lineages. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the chronic infection was initiated by the fifth and last OPV dose, given 567 days before onset of paralysis, and that divergence of major lineages began very early in the chronic infection. Key determinants of attenuation in Sabin 1 had reverted in the iVDPV isolates, and representative isolates of each lineage showed increased neurovirulence for PVR-Tg21 transgenic mice. None of the isolates had retained the temperature-sensitive phenotype of Sabin 1. All isolates were antigenic variants of Sabin 1, having multiple amino acid substitutions within or near neutralizing antigenic sites 1, 2, and 3a. Antigenic divergence of the iVDPV variants from Sabin 1 followed two major independent evolutionary pathways. The emergence of distinct coreplicating lineages suggests that iVDPVs can replicate for many months at separate sites in the gastrointestinal tract. Some isolates had mosaic genome structures indicative of recombination across and within lineages. iVDPV excretion apparently ceased after 30 to 35 months of chronic infection. The appearance of a chronic VDPV excretor in a tropical, developing country has important implications for the strategy to stop OPV immunization after eradication of wild polioviruses.The central strategy of the World Health Organization Global Polio Eradication Initiative is widespread use of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) at high rates of coverage. This strategy has reduced the global incidence of polio by over 99% since the start of the Initiative in 1988 and restricted wild poliovirus circulation to countries in western and central Africa and southern Asia (87). However, use of OPV is associated with some rare adverse events, including the appearance of cases of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis among OPV recipients and contacts (76), and the occurrence of polio outbreaks associated with circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) (36). While cVDPV outbreaks can be prevented by maintenance of high rates of OPV coverage, the occurrence of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis is associated with the inherent genetic instability of the live, attenuated OPV strains (56).In immunocompetent individuals, the risk of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis is very low, estimated in the United States at 1 case per 2.4 million OPV doses distributed (75,76).

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Intratypic Recombination among Lineages of Type 1 Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Emerging during Chronic Infection of an Immunodeficient Patient

Yang

Chen

Jorba

et al. 2005

J Virol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Changes at those positions are assumed to have a neutral effect on virus fitness and have been shown to more accurately reflect the genetic relationships between poliovirus strains (17,19). The values were represented together or separately for the capsid and nonstructural regions and are displayed in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the Sabin Strain of Type 3 Poliovirus in an Immunodeficient Patient during the Entire 637-Day Period of Virus Excretion

Martı́n

Dunn

Hull

et al. 2000

J Virol

151

153

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A 20-year-old female hypogammaglobulinemic patient received monotypic Sabin 3 vaccine in 1962. The patient excreted type 3 poliovirus for a period of 637 days without developing any symptoms of poliomyelitis, after which excretion appeared to have ceased spontaneously. The evolution of Sabin 3 throughout the entire period of virus excretion was studied by characterization of seven sequential isolates from the patient. The isolates were analyzed in terms of their antigenic properties, virulence, sensitivity for growth at high temperatures, and differences in nucleotide sequence from the Sabin type 3 vaccine. The isolates followed a main lineage of evolution with a rate of nucleotide substitution that was very similar to that estimated for wild-type poliovirus during person-to-person transmission. There was a delay in the appearance of antigenic variants compared to sequential type 3 isolates from healthy vaccines, which could be one of the possible explanations for the long-term excretion of virus from the patient. The distribution of mutations in the isolates identified regions of the virus possibly involved in adaptation for growth in the human gut and virus persistence. None of the isolates showed a full reversion of the attenuated and temperature-sensitive phenotypes of Sabin 3. Information of this sort will help in the assessment of the risk of spread of virulent polioviruses from long-term excretors and in the design of therapies to stop long-term excretion. This will make an important contribution to the decision-making process on when to stop vaccination once wild poliovirus has been eradicated.

show abstract

“…Using oligonucleotide mapping Miyamura et al (1990) estimated an evolutionary rate of coxsackievirus A24 of 0-4% per year. Nucleotide sequencing of the 5' non-translated region (NTR) and the antigenic sites of poliovirus type 3 isolated during a poliomyelitis outbreak revealed an overall frequency of variable positions of 4-3 % within the 5' NTR and 6.8 % for the antigenic sites (Kinnunen et al, 1991).…”

Section: Intratypic Genome Variability Of the Coxsackievirus B1 2a Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intratypic genome variability of the coxsackievirus B1 2A protease region

Zoll

Galama²,

Melchers³

1994

Journal of General Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To analyse the intratypic genome variability ofcoxsackievirus B1, 17 coxsackievirus B1 isolates were collected over a period of 10 years. Nucleotide sequences of the 2A coding region of the various coxsackievirus B1 isolates and known sequences of other enteroviruses were compared. The maximum diversity observed within the entire group of coxsackievirus B1 isolates was 25 %.Comparison of deduced amino acid sequences revealed a maximum diversity of 5%. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrates a close genetic relationship between these clinical isolates and the other different coxsackievirus B serotypes. Further analysis ofnucleotide and amino acid sequences of the 2A region of known enteroviruses demonstrated that the genus enterovirus can be subdivided into a coxsackievirus B-like group, including the coxsackie B viruses, coxsackievirus A9, echovirus 11 and swine vesicular disease virus, and a poliovirus-like group including the polioviruses 1 to 3, and the coxsackieviruses A21 and A24. Enterovirus type 70 and bovine enterovirus represent distinct groups. The 2A coding region of coxsackievirus B1 strains cannot be distinguished from that of other members of the coxsackievirus B-like group. Although conservation of the overall amino acid sequence was almost limited to residues essential for proposed enzymatic activity, the predicted secondary structures were well conserved within the genus enterovirus.

show abstract

Generation of virus genetic lineages during an outbreak of poliomyelitis

Cited by 26 publications

References 23 publications

Intratypic Recombination among Lineages of Type 1 Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Emerging during Chronic Infection of an Immunodeficient Patient

Intratypic Recombination among Lineages of Type 1 Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Emerging during Chronic Infection of an Immunodeficient Patient

Evolution of the Sabin Strain of Type 3 Poliovirus in an Immunodeficient Patient during the Entire 637-Day Period of Virus Excretion

Intratypic genome variability of the coxsackievirus B1 2A protease region

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About