“…A large body of literature supports the hypothesis that generic advertising and promotion expenditures have carryover or lagged effects (for example, Capps and Williams, 2011;Forker and Ward, 1993;Ghosh and Williams, 2016;Lee and Brown, 1986;Nerlove and Waugh, 1961;Ward and Dixon, 1989;Williams and Capps, 2018;Williams et al, 2008Williams et al, , 2010. Economic theory provides relatively little guidance as to the structure and length of this dynamic process, however.…”