Generic hyper-diversity in <I>Stachybotriaceae</I>

Abstract

The family Stachybotriaceae was recently introduced to include the genera Myrothecium, Peethambara and Stachybotrys. Members of this family include important plant and human pathogens, as well as several species used in industrial and commercial applications as biodegraders and biocontrol agents. However, the generic boundaries in Stachybotriaceae are still poorly defined, as type material and sequence data are not readily available for taxonomic studies. To address this issue, we performed multi-locus phylogenetic analyses using partial gene sequences of the 28S large subunit (LSU), the internal transcribed spacer regions and intervening 5.8S nrRNA (ITS), the RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), calmodulin (cmdA), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) and β-tubulin (tub2) for all available type and authentic strains. Supported by morphological characters these data resolved 33 genera in the Stachybotriaceae. These included the nine already established genera Albosynnema, Alfaria, Didymostilbe, Myrothecium, Parasarcopodium, Peethambara, Septomyrothecium, Stachybotrys and Xepicula. At the same time the generic names Melanopsamma, Memnoniella and Virgatospora were resurrected. Phylogenetic inference further showed that both the genera Myrothecium and Stachybotrys are polyphyletic resulting in the introduction of 13 new genera with myrothecium-like morphology and eight new genera with stachybotrys-like morphology.

Stachybotrys-like taxa from karst areas and a checklist of stachybotrys-like species from Thailand

“…Most of the sequences were obtained from GenBank based on previous publications Lombard et al (2016). The remaining homogenous sequences were obtained by BLAST searches (Altschul et al 1990) of sequences in GenBank.…”

“…Conidiophores of C. garethjonesii are irregularly cymosely branched, which is the distinct feature of the genus Cymostachys, while, conidiophores of S. sinuatophora are repeatedly, alternately branched. Jong and Davis (1976) proposed S. sinuatophora and S. reniformis as synonyms of S. nephrospora, however, Pinruan et al (2004a), Wang et al (2015) and Lombard et al (2016) proposed S. sinuatophora to be a distinct species, because of its repeatedly, alternately branched, undulating to coiling conidiophores, which are not known for other stachybotrys-like species Etymology -In reference to the oblong conidia.…”

Revisiting the genus Cytospora and allied species

“…Colletotrichum, Cai et al 2009, Diaporthe, Udayanga et al 2011, Pestalotiopsis, Maharachchikumbura et al 2011, 2012 and other genera (e.g. Stachybotrys, Lombard et al 2016, Nodulosphaeria, Mapook et al 2016, Lasiodiplodia, Doilom et al 2017, better than single genes.…”

Mycosphere Notes 102–168: Saprotrophic fungi on Vitis in China, Italy, Russia and Thailand

“…Fungi 32: 283 (2014) Stachybotryaceae was introduced by Crous et al (2014), in the order Hypocreales, to accommodate the genera Myrothecium, Peethambara and Stachybotrys. Albifimbria L. Lombard & Crous, in Lombard, Houbraken, Decock, Samson, Meijer, Réblová, Groenewald & Crous, Persoonia 36: 177 (2016) Members of Albifimbria are characterised by the formation of verrucose setae surrounding the sporodochia and conidia sometimes bearing a funnel-shaped mucoid appendage (Lombard et al 2016). Our strains clustered with the type strains of A. verrucaria and A. viridis (Fig.…”

“…Facesoffungi number: FoF03834 For description see Lombard et al (2016). Notes: This study is the first record of A. viridis as a saprotroph, on V. vinifera from China.…”