Genes affecting coat colour and pattern in domestic dogs: a review

Schmutz, S. M.; Berryere, T. G.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2007.01664.x

Cited by 102 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…In contrast to the expansion and diversification of the ␣-defensin proteomes, the organization of ␤-defensin gene clusters is much more highly conserved and the primary structures of certain ␤-defensin peptides exhibit similarities across phylogenetic lines (41,42,57,65). The molecular basis of this disparity remains unknown, but perhaps it relates to receptor-mediated roles that have been identified for members of the ␤-defensin peptide family (4,7,15,49,(62)(63)(64). In contrast to the more centromeric ␣-defensin gene locus (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Strain-Specific Polymorphisms in Paneth Cell α-Defensins of C57BL/6 Mice and Evidence of Vestigial Myeloid α-Defensin Pseudogenes

2011

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Paneth cells at the base of small intestinal crypts secrete microbicidal ␣-defensins, termed cryptdins (Crps) in mice, as mediators of innate immunity. Proteomic studies show that five abundant Paneth cell ␣-defensins in C57BL/6 mice are strain specific in that they have not been identified in other inbred strains of mice. Two C57BL/6-specific peptides are coded for by the Defcr20 and -21 genes evident in the NIH C57BL/6 genome but absent from the Celera mixed-strain assembly, which excludes C57BL/6 data and differs from the NIH build with respect to the organization of the ␣-defensin gene locus. Conversely, C57BL/6 mice lack the Crp1, -2, -4, and -6 peptides and their corresponding Defcr1, -2, -4, and -6 genes, which are common to several mouse strains, including those of the Celera assembly. In C57BL/6 mice, ␣-defensin gene diversification appears to have occurred by tandem duplication of a multigene cassette that was not found in the mixed-strain assembly. Both mouse genome assemblies contain conserved ␣-defensin pseudogenes that are closely related to functional myeloid ␣-defensin genes in the rat, suggesting that the neutrophil ␣-defensin defect in mice resulted from progressive gene loss. Given the role of ␣-defensins in shaping the composition of the enteric microflora, such polymorphisms may influence outcomes in mouse models of disease or infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Strain-Specific Polymorphisms in Paneth Cell α-Defensins of C57BL/6 Mice and Evidence of Vestigial Myeloid α-Defensin Pseudogenes

2011

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“…Bottleneck processes, but selective sweeps also, have been important in domestication. It is, however, relevant to mention that humans, by breeding fancy phenotypes that would otherwise have been removed in the wild by natural selection, has also maintained deleterious alleles at high frequencies (Fang et al, 2009;Ludwig et al, 2009;Schmutz and Berryere, 2007). Overall, however, little is known so far on the precise molecular history and of the effects of artificial selection in livestock, including the species studied here, the pig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Evolutionary study of a potential selection target region in the pig

et al. 2010

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Domestication, modern breeding and artificial selection have shaped dramatically the genomic variability of domestic animals. In livestock, the so-called FAT1 quantitative trait locus (QTL) in porcine chromosome 4 was the first QTL uncovered although, to date, its precise molecular nature has remained elusive. Here, we characterize the nucleotide variability of 13 fragments of B500 bp equally spaced in a 2 Mb region in the vicinity of the FAT1 region in a widediversity panel of 32 pigs. Asian and European animals, including local Mediterranean and international pig breeds, were sequenced. Patterns of genetic variability were very complex and varied largely across loci and populations; they did not reveal overall a clear signal of a selective sweep in any breed, although FABP4 fragment showed a significantly higher diversity. We used an approximate Bayesian computation approach to infer the evolutionary history of this SSC4 region. Notably, we found that European pig populations have a much lower effective size than their Asian counterparts: in the order of hundreds vs hundreds of thousands. We show also an important part of extant European variability is actually due to introgression of Asian germplasm into Europe. This study shows how a potential loss in diversity caused by bottlenecks and possible selective sweeps associated with domestication and artificial selection can be counterbalanced by migration, making it much more difficult the identification of selection footprints based on naive demographic assumptions. Given the small fragment analyzed here, it remains to be studied how these conclusions apply to the rest of the genome.

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“…A previous observation indicated that the white body color might be conditioned by a single gene which is completely dominant to gray, and is partially dominant or epistatic to black, while black is completely dominant or epistatic to gray [1]. Until now, there are no genes reported to correlate with the coat color in buffalo, although the genetic mechanism of coat color has been extensively investigated in other animals [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

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confidence: 98%

The role of MC1R gene in buffalo coat color

Miao

Wang

et al. 2010

Sci. China Life Sci.

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Melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) plays a major role in pigmentation in many species. To investigate if the MC1R gene is associated with coat color in water buffalo, the coding region of MC1R gene of 216 buffalo samples was sequenced, which included 49 black river buffalo (Murrah and Nili-Ravi), 136 swamp buffalo (Dehong, Diandongnan, Dechang, Guizhou, and Xilin) with white and gray body, and 31 hybrid offspring of river buffalo Nili-Ravi (or Murrah) and swamp buffalo. Among the three variation sites found, SNP684 was synonymous, while SNP310 and SNP384 were nonsynonymous, leading to p.S104G and p.I128M changes, respectively. Only Individuals carrying homozygote E(BR)/E(BR) were black. The genotype and phenotype analysis of the hybrid offspring of black river buffalo and gray swamp buffalo further revealed that the river buffalo type allele E(BR) or the allele carrying the amino acid p.104S was important for the full function of MC1R. The in silico functional analysis showed that the amino acid substitutions p.G104S and p.M128I had significant impact on the function of MC1R. Above results indicate that the allele E(BR) or the allele carrying the amino acid p.104S was associated with the black coat color in buffalo.

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Genes affecting coat colour and pattern in domestic dogs: a review

Cited by 102 publications

References 53 publications

Strain-Specific Polymorphisms in Paneth Cell α-Defensins of C57BL/6 Mice and Evidence of Vestigial Myeloid α-Defensin Pseudogenes

Strain-Specific Polymorphisms in Paneth Cell α-Defensins of C57BL/6 Mice and Evidence of Vestigial Myeloid α-Defensin Pseudogenes

Evolutionary study of a potential selection target region in the pig

The role of MC1R gene in buffalo coat color

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