Genes encoding spore coat polypeptides from Bacillus subtilis

Donovan, William P.; Zheng, Liyun; Sandman, Kathleen; Losick, Richard

doi:10.1016/0022-2836(87)90506-7

Cited by 190 publications

(191 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Growth in the absence of antibiotics led to subsequent loss of the plasmid. A cat insertion was introduced into the spolIIG locus by transformation of B. subtilis with a linearized plasmid carrying a 1.5-kb cat fragment from pMI1101 (Donovan et al 1987) in the BamHI site of the spolIIG gene. Transformation of B. subtilis was made according to Anagnostopoulos and Spizizen {1961) 9 For all sporulation experiments, B. subtilis strains were grown in DS medium {Schaeffer et al 1965), and chloramphenicol (5 ~g/rnl) was added if necessary.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tandem genes encoding sigma-factors for consecutive steps of development in Bacillus subtilis.

Karmazyn-Campelli¹,

Bonamy²,

Savelli³

et al. 1989

Genes Dev.

152

172

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During sporulation, Bacillus subtilis undergoes successive morphological changes that can be arrested at various stages by mutations in many genes. One of these, spollGB, encodes a transcriptional factor, cr ~, which is necessary to proceed beyond stage II and to differentiate the cell in two compartments, the forespore and the mother cell. Mutations were introduced in an open reading [tame located immediately downstream of spollGB. They block sporulation at stage III and define a new gene, spolllG, encoding a 260-amino-acid polypeptide highly similar to bacterial ~r-factors. A promoter was identified in the spollGB-spolllG interval by transcriptional fusion to lacZ. It is turned on I hr after the start of ~r ~ synthesis and is specifically activated in the forespore. The tandemly arranged spollGB and spoHIG genes appear to encode homologous proteins that modulate transcription in a sequential fashion during sporulation.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tandem genes encoding sigma-factors for consecutive steps of development in Bacillus subtilis.

Karmazyn-Campelli¹,

Bonamy²,

Savelli³

et al. 1989

Genes Dev.

152

172

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“…Sporulation loci have also been identified by transposon mutagenesis or by the use of integrational plasmids for gene disruption, by reverse genetics, as encoding components of the spore or some of its structures (e.g. Donovan et al, 1987;Kuwana et al, 2002;Lai et al, 2003), or by expressionbased screens designed to find members of specific sporulation regulons (e.g. Beall et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide analysis of temporally regulated and compartment-specific gene expression in sporulating cells of Bacillus subtilis

et al. 2005

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Temporal and compartment-specific control of gene expression during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis is governed by a cascade of four RNA polymerase subunits. s F in the prespore and s E in the mother cell control early stages of development, and are replaced at later stages by s G and s K , respectively. Ultimately, a comprehensive description of the molecular mechanisms underlying spore morphogenesis requires the knowledge of all the intervening genes and their assignment to specific regulons. Here, in an extension of earlier work, DNA macroarrays have been used, and members of the four compartment-specific sporulation regulons have been identified. Genes were identified and grouped based on: i) their temporal expression profile and ii) the use of mutants for each of the four sigma factors and a bofA allele, which allows s K activation in the absence of s G . As a further test, artificial production of active alleles of the sigma factors in non-sporulating cells was employed. A total of 439 genes were found, including previously characterized genes whose transcription is induced during sporulation: 55 in the s F regulon, 154 s E -governed genes, 113 s G -dependent genes, and 132 genes under s K control. The results strengthen the view that the activities of s F , s E , s G and s K are largely compartmentalized, both temporally as well as spatially, and that the major vegetative sigma factor (s A ) is active throughout sporulation. The results provide a dynamic picture of the changes in the overall pattern of gene expression in the two compartments of the sporulating cell, and offer insight into the roles of the prespore and the mother cell at different times of spore morphogenesis.

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“…The phenotype of sigK mutants indicates that E K activity is required for the late steps in cortex and coat synthesis, a process initiated under E control (see above), and for spore maturation (15). In addition, E K controls the lysis of the mother cell (41) and possibly some aspects of the germination of the spore (11,18,67).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversion of pro-E to its active form, E , which occurs exclusively in the mother cell, inaugurates the program of gene expression in this compartment (19,35,44,68). The E form of RNA polymerase (E E ) directs the transcription of a heterogeneous group of genes controlling functions as diverse as engulfment (23,56,58,62), germination (49,70), cortex synthesis (2,9,14,43,52,54,60,64), and coat morphogenesis (3,18,28,49,54,60,70), as well as genes that may assist in the control of the metabolic state of the mother cell (7,8,26,37). E E also drives expression of at least two regulatory genes, spoIIID (40,62,68) and sigK (39,68).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the first genes transcribed by E K is gerE, encoding a small DNA-binding protein (11,68,69). In combination with E K , GerE controls the expression of the last temporal class of mother-cell gene expression, defined by genes such as cotB and cotC, encoding structural components of the spore coat (18,69). The phenotype of sigK mutants indicates that E K activity is required for the late steps in cortex and coat synthesis, a process initiated under E control (see above), and for spore maturation (15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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cse15, cse60, and csk22 are new members of mother-cell-specific sporulation regulons in Bacillus subtilis

et al. 1997

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We report on the characterization of three new transcription units expressed during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. Two of the units, cse15 and cse60, were mapped at about 123؇ and 62؇ on the genetic map, respectively. Their transcription commenced around h 2 of sporulation and showed an absolute requirement for E . Maximal expression of both cse15 and cse60 further depended on the DNA-binding protein SpoIIID. Primer extension results revealed ؊10 and ؊35 sequences upstream of the cse15 and cse60 coding sequences very similar to those utilized by E -containing RNA polymerase. Alignment of these and other regulatory regions led to a revised consensus sequence for E -dependent promoters. A third transcriptional unit, designated csk22, was localized at approximately 173؇ on the chromosome. Transcription of csk22 was activated at h 4 of sporulation, required the late mother-cell regulator K , and was repressed by the GerE protein. Sequences in the csk22 promoter region were similar to those of other K -dependent promoters. The cse60 locus was deduced to encode an acidic product of only 60 residues. A 37.6-kDa protein apparently encoded by cse15 was weakly related to the heavy chain of myosins, as well as to other myosin-like proteins, and is predicted to contain a central, 100 residue-long coiled-coil domain. Finally, csk22 is inferred to encode a 18.2-kDa hydrophobic product with five possible membrane-spanning helices, which could function as a transporter.

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Genes encoding spore coat polypeptides from Bacillus subtilis

Cited by 190 publications

References 13 publications

Tandem genes encoding sigma-factors for consecutive steps of development in Bacillus subtilis.

Tandem genes encoding sigma-factors for consecutive steps of development in Bacillus subtilis.

Genome-wide analysis of temporally regulated and compartment-specific gene expression in sporulating cells of Bacillus subtilis

cse15, cse60, and csk22 are new members of mother-cell-specific sporulation regulons in Bacillus subtilis

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