Genes involved in sex determination and the influence of temperature during the sexual differentiation process in fish: A review

Cristina, Helena Maria Moreira Vernetti; lia, Danyelle Nunes Rodrigues Mariacute; Gutierrez, Bernardo; Harold, Julian Perez; Calabuig, None; Cecilia, Perez; Carla, Giovane Aacute vila Moreira; Anthony, A Nlewadim; Heden, Luiz Marques Moreira

doi:10.5897/ajb12.1155

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 154 publications

(233 reference statements)

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“…The ovarian differentiation and development in vertebrate species is potentially controlled by estrogens, which are synthesized in the developing gonads after induction of CYP19 gene expression, and so accounts for why the CYP19 gene was dominantly expressed in females (Nakamura, 2010). In the rainbow trout ( O. mykiss ) and tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ), CYP19 mRNA was detected in females at the first sign of sex differentiation, and the expression level was higher than in males (Guiguen et al, 1999; Vernetti et al, 2013). Likewise, in the catfish, Clarias gariepinus, CYP19 mRNA was highly expressed in differentiating female gonads (Raghuveer et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steroidogenic potential of the gonad during sex differentiation in the rice field frog Hoplobatrachus rugulosus (Anura: Dicroglossidae)

et al. 2023

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Prior studies demonstrated that gonadal differentiation in the rice field frog, Hoplobatrachus rugulosus, was of an undifferentiated type since all individuals had ovaries at complete metamorphosis. However, the steroidogenic potential of the gonad is still unknown. In this study, H. rugulosus were obtained by stimulating fertilization in the laboratory under natural light and temperature conditions. The gonads were collected and their steroidogenic potential was evaluated by determining the expression level of messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding for cytochrome P450 17‐hydroxylase/C17–20 lyase (CYP17) and cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19) using quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR and the localization of CYP17 mRNA in tissues by in situ hybridization. The CYP17 mRNA levels in males at 4–11 weeks postmetamorphosis were higher than in female and intersex gonads. This corresponded to their localization in the gonadal tissues, where CYP17 signals were specifically detected in the Leydig cells of the testis at 5–16 weeks postmetamorphosis but was undetectable in all ovary samples. The CYP19 mRNA levels in females at 4–11 weeks postmetamorphosis was higher than in male and intersex gonads, which corresponded with gonadal development, indicating the potential steroidogenic function of the ovary. Based on the present results, the role of CYP17 and CYP19 mRNA in sex differentiation in H. rugulosus may occur after gonadal sex differentiation and the steroidogenic potential of the gonads exhibited a sexual dimorphic pattern. These results provide a crucial basis for further research on the developmental biology in anuran species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steroidogenic potential of the gonad during sex differentiation in the rice field frog Hoplobatrachus rugulosus (Anura: Dicroglossidae)

et al. 2023

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“…In this concern, the most conventional route of ovarian development involves the transcription of the Cyp 19a1a gene and the production of the enzyme aromatase complex (P450arom). This enzyme is the main key in estrogen synthesis (Vernetti et al, 2013;Göppert et al, 2016), which is responsible for inducing and maintaining ovary development (Devlin and Nagahama, 2002;Nishimura and Tanaka, 2014;Lau et al, 2016). Thus, it is possible that diets supplemented with E 2 increase the circulating levels of this hormone in the treated fish, promoting the gonadal differentiation during the initial development of this species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EFFECTS OF THE USE OF 17Î"™-ESTRADIOL FOR <i>Leporinus macrocephalus</i> FEMINIZATION

et al. 2020

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the use of a diet supplemented with 50 or 100 mg kg-1 17β-estradiol (E 2) for Leporinus macrocephalus feminization. Thus, one hundred and fifty fingerlings with 50 days old post-hatch were randomly distributed in fifteen experimental tanks of 90 L and fed for 60 days on a diet supplemented with 50 or 100 mg kg-1 of E 2. At the end of the experiment, sex ratios were determined through histological and macroscopic observations. Histologically, the differentiated ovaries were evidenced by the presence of numerous nests of oogonia and oocytes in primary growth stage. The female ratio (77%) for the group treated with 100 mg kg-1 E 2 was significantly higher than those of control (52%) and 50 mg kg-1 treatment (48%) groups. These results obtained in this initial study indicated that 100 mg kg-1 of E 2 , administered over 60 days, was the most effective treatment for 50 days old L. macrocephalus post larval feminization. However, future studies with variations in the application range can bring even better results.

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“…The ovarian differentiation and development in vertebrate species were potentially controlled by estrogens which were synthesized in the developing gonads after induction of CYP19 gene expression so CYP19 gene was dominantly expressed in females (Nakamura, 2010). In rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, CYP19 mRNA was detected in females at the period of the first sign of sex differentiation, and the expression level was higher than males (Guiguen et al, 1999;Vernetti et al, 2013). Likewise, in catfish Clarias gariepinus, CYP19 mRNA was highly expressed in differentiating female gonads (Raghuveer et al, 2011).…”

Section: Cloning Of Cyp17 Cyp19 and ß-Actin Cdnamentioning

confidence: 99%

Gonadal sex differentiation of rice field frog hoplobatrachus rugulosus (wiegmann, 1834)

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The rice field frog Hoplobatrachus rugulosus, a species widely distributed in Thailand, has potential to be a model in many fields of research. A preliminary study demonstrated that the gonadal differentiation in this frog showed tendency to be an undifferentiated type since all individuals had ovaries at complete metamorphosis. However, the information was still unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the chronology and pattern of gonadal sex differentiation as well as steroidogenic potential of gonadal tissues during development. The frog embryos were obtained by stimulating fertilization in laboratory under natural light and temperature conditions. Their developmental stage was identified using Gosner (1960) system. The time period during each stage of development was also recorded. H. rugulosus spent 25-33 days for development to complete metamorphosis. The gonad was firstly observed by stereomicroscope at Gosner stage 33 (9-12 days post hatch, dph), while the testis and ovary were distinguishable by morphology from 3–4 weeks after metamorphosis. Histological analysis showed that genital ridge formation began at stage 25 (1-2 dph) and ovarian differentiation began at stage 36 (13-17 dph). The developing ovary appeared with numerous primary oogonia which developed into oocytes, while the medulla regressed to form an ovarian cavity. During metamorphosis, only an ovary was observed. Testicular differentiation began later, during the first week after metamorphosis, and occurred via an intersex condition. The intersex gonads contained developing testicular tissue with both normal and atretic oocytes. The fully developed testis was firstly identified at 6 weeks after metamorphosis. Thus, the pattern of gonadal sex differentiation in H. rugulosus is an undifferentiated type, in which only female gonads are observed during metamorphosis and intersex and male gonads are observed later. For steroidogenic potential of gonad, the expression level of mRNA encoding cytochrome P450 17-hydroxylase/C17–20 lyase (CYP17) and cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19) were observed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR and localization of CYP17 mRNA in the tissues was observed by in situ hybridization. The results showed that CYP17 mRNA levels in male group at 4-11 weeks after metamorphosis showed a higher level than those of other groups. This result corresponded to their localization in the gonadal tissues that the CYP17 signals were specifically detected in Leydig cells of testicular tissue in both testes and intersex gonads at 4-16 weeks after metamorphosis but undetectable in all ovary samples. The CYP19 mRNA levels in female group at 4-11 weeks after metamorphosis was higher than those of other groups which corresponded with the histological results that the number of oocytes and follicular cells were increased, indicating potential steroidogenic function of the ovary. In intersex group at 4-11 weeks after metamorphosis, the level of CYP17 mRNA was high, whereas the level of CYP19 mRNA was relatively lower. It could be suggested that the testicular tissue of intersex gonad has developed and had steroidogenic function, while the ovarian tissue of intersex gonad may not function. Based on the present results, the role of CYP17 and CYP19 mRNA in sex differentiation in H. rugulosus may occur after the gonadal sex differentiated and the steroidogenic potential of the gonads exhibited sexual dimorphic pattern. These results provide a crucial basis for further research on developmental biology in anuran species.

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Genes involved in sex determination and the influence of temperature during the sexual differentiation process in fish: A review

Abstract: This review attempts to group the recent hypotheses involved in the complex system of determination and sex differentiation in fish. Based on recent literature, we relate the key genes involved in the genomic cascade as the Cyp19,

Cited by 10 publications

References 154 publications

Steroidogenic potential of the gonad during sex differentiation in the rice field frog Hoplobatrachus rugulosus (Anura: Dicroglossidae)

Steroidogenic potential of the gonad during sex differentiation in the rice field frog Hoplobatrachus rugulosus (Anura: Dicroglossidae)

EFFECTS OF THE USE OF 17Î"™-ESTRADIOL FOR <i>Leporinus macrocephalus</i> FEMINIZATION

Gonadal sex differentiation of rice field frog hoplobatrachus rugulosus (wiegmann, 1834)

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