Genes Involved in the Processes of Cell Proliferation, Migration, Adhesion, and Tissue Development as New Potential Markers of Porcine Granulosa Cellular ProcessesIn Vitro: A Microarray Approach

Abstract

Proper course of folliculogenesis and oogenesis have an enormous impact on female fertility. Both processes take place in the ovary and involve not only the maturing germ cell, but also few types of somatic cells that assist the ovarian processes and mediate the dialog with the oocyte. These cells, granulosa and theca, are heavily involved in essential reproductive processes, such as ovulation, fertilization, and embryo implantation. In this study, we have used the expressive microarray approach to analyze the transcriptome of porcine granulosa cells, during short-term in vitro culture. We have further selected differentially expressed gene ontologies, involved in cell proliferation, migration, adhesion, and tissue development, namely, ''cell-cell adhesion,'' ''cell motility,'' ''cell proliferation,'' ''tissue development,'' and ''tissue migration'' to screen them for the possibility of discovery of new markers of those processes. A total of 303 genes, expression of which varied significantly in different culture periods and belonged to the analyzed ontology groups, were detected, of which 15 that varied the most (between 0 and 48 h of culture) were selected for validation. As the validation confirmed the transcriptomic patterns, 10 genes of biggest changes in expression (CAV1, IGFBP5, ITGB3, FN1, ITGA2, LAMB1, POSTN, FAM83D, KIF14, and CDK1) were analyzed, described, and referred to the context of the study, with the most promising new markers and further proof for the viability of the currently recognized ones detailed. Overall, the study provided valuable insight into the molecular functioning of in vitro granulosa cell cultures.

Nanopore-based full-length transcriptome sequencing of Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) ovary

“…Previous studies have shown that the outer layer of granular cell ( GC ) is always above the basement membrane formed by collagen and laminin, and is protected by the follicular basement membrane from the primordial follicle stage to the dominant follicle selection stage of the final ovulation. The presence of laminin in the basement membrane may promote the growth and ovulation of the dominant follicle in follicular selection by enhancing the proliferation of GC ( Monniaux et al, 1999 ; Ożegowska et al, 2019 ). Cadherins, integrins, CAMs of the immunoglobulin superfamily, and selectins are considered the foremost CAMs classes ( Senderoff, 2013 ), among which N-cadherin plays an indispensable role in follicle formation, and its expression has been increasing during phase of developing follicles.…”

mRNA and miRNA Transcriptome Profiling of Granulosa and Theca Layers From Geese Ovarian Follicles Reveals the Crucial Pathways and Interaction Networks for Regulation of Follicle Selection

“…Consistently, Donadeu et al reported in a transcriptome profiling study that a large number of down-regulated DE genes in granulosa cells from horse ovarian follicles were enriched in the ECM during follicle dominance (Donadeu et al, 2014). Ożegowska et al also reported genes enriched in cell adhesion as new potential markers by analyzing the transcriptome of porcine granulosa cells (Ożegowska et al, 2019). The ECM and ECM protein form a complex scaffold of protein that provides the architectural support for cells.…”

Gene Expression Profiling in Ovaries and Association Analyses Reveal HEP21 as a Candidate Gene for Sexual Maturity in Chickens

“…Further analyses revealed five pathways in both comparisons: the intestinal immune network for IgA production, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, herpes simplex infection, phagosome, and calcium signaling pathways ( Figure 6). Moreover, a total of 28 differentially expressed genes, including genes related to ovary development, such as GH [16], ITGB3 [17], and TSHB [18], were detected in the five pathways ( Table 2). Some genes that may be important to ovary development, that is, PRL [19] and TGFB3 [20,21], were found in one of the two comparisons.…”