Genes to predict VO2max trainability: a systematic review

Williams, Camilla J.; Williams, Mark; Eynon, Nir; Ashton, Kevin J.; Little, Jonathan P.; Wisløff, Ulrik; Coombes, Jeff S.

doi:10.1186/s12864-017-4192-6

Cited by 109 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(129 reference statements)

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“…In addition, the field test permitted out-thesaddle cycling, which has been found to result in a significantly higher O2 consumption than seated pedaling. (Ryschon & Stray-Gunderson, 1991) Maximal oxygen uptake (V O2max) is viewed as the gold standard measure for cardiorespiratory fitness (Williams et al, 2017), aerobic endurance (Bassett & Howley, 2000), and forms a key predictor of overall performance in endurance sports (McLaughlin et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lab and field V̇O2peak testing in highly trained cyclists

Smith¹,

Berger

2020

JSES

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The issues with traditional maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) testing include an inability to regulate intensity due to fixed resistance and a lack of conscious decision making during the test (Noakes, 2008). Depending on the test and conditions, some athletes do not reach V̇O2max despite reaching volitional exhaustion, and in this case, the result is recorded as the highest, or peak oxygen uptake attained in this test, known as V̇O2peak. To investigate this, a study was conducted to determine if a field-based test would result in a higher V̇O2peak value than a lab-based test. Twelve highly trained cyclists performed a 20w/minute ramp test on a cycle ergometer and a 3.2km hill climb on their own racing bike wearing a portable gas analyser (MetaMax 3b, Cortex GmbH, Leipzig, Germany). A paired t-test revealed that the hill climb resulted in a higher but not statistically significant absolute V̇O2peak: lab 5.49 ± 0.8 L·min -1 vs. field 5.59 ± 0.7 L·min -1 , p = .189 and relative V̇O2peak: lab 71.9 ± 10.0 ml·kg -1 ·min -1 vs. field 74.0 ± 9.9 ml·kg -1 ·min -1 , p = .060. Additionally, field testing resulted in a significantly higher RERmax: lab 1.07 ± 0.0 vs. field 1.16 ± 0.1, p = .019, end lactate: lab 9.24 ± 1.6 mmol·L -1 vs. field 11.99 ± 2.3 mmol·L -1 , p = .039, and 5-minute-post lactate: lab 7.56 ± 1.4 mmol·L -1 vs. field 11.87 ± 2.0 mmol·L -1 , p < 0.001. There was no difference in HRmax between tests: lab 187.9 ± 11.6 b·min -1 vs. field 187.6 ± 10.6 b·min -1 , p = .952. Slightly higher V̇O2peak values recorded during the field test may be explained by the closedloop format allowing riders to pace their effort better, the cooling effect of the wind outdoors, freedom to ride out-the-saddle (leading to greater muscle recruitment), or perhaps the sub-optimal length of the lab test 20.4 ± 3.0 mins vs 8.4 ± 1.2 mins field test. Findings suggest the increased ecological validity of field testing led to higher (but not statistically significant) VȮ2peak values and can be considered a viable alternative to labbased testing if a climb with suitable length and gradient is available.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lab and field V̇O2peak testing in highly trained cyclists

Smith¹,

Berger

2020

JSES

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“…There are also large interindividual variations in the responses to exercise, with a familial resemblance of approximately 50% . The field of exercise genomics is still in its early stages and characterized by underpowered and heterogeneous studies awaiting replication . Although we currently are not aware of any genetic variants related to CRF that have been identified in genome‐wide association studies of VTE, future adequately powered studies may investigate a potential causal association between CRF and VTE using a Mendelian randomization design …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adjusted for age (as time scale), sex, smoking, education, history of cardiovascular disease, and history of cancer. studies awaiting replication 50,51. Although we currently are not aware of any genetic variants related to CRF that have been identified in genome-wide association studies of VTE, future adequately powered studies may investigate a potential causal association between CRF and VTE using a Mendelian randomization design [52][53][54].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiorespiratory fitness and future risk of venous thromboembolism

Evensen

Isaksen

Brækkan

et al. 2019

Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis

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Background Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a strong predictor of future arterial cardiovascular disease and premature mortality. However, there are limited data on the association between CRF and the risk of incident venous thromboembolism (VTE). Objectives To investigate whether estimated CRF (eCRF) was associated with the risk of incident VTE in a cohort recruited from the general population. Methods Participants (n = 10 393) from the sixth survey of the Tromsø Study (2007—08) were included, and incident VTEs were recorded up to 31 December 2016. CRF was estimated in sex‐specific algorithms based on age, waist circumference, resting heart rate, and self‐reported physical activity. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of VTE according to categories of eCRF were estimated in Cox regression models adjusted for sex with age as timescale. The impact of weight status was evaluated in analyses stratified by weight category. Results There were 176 incident VTEs during follow‐up. Compared with individuals with eCRF < 85% of age‐predicted, those with eCRF of 85% to 100% and >100% of age‐predicted had 46% (HR 0.54; 95% CI 0.39‐0.77) and 67% (HR 0.33; 95% CI 0.20‐0.54) lower VTE risk, respectively. Compared with overweight/obese individuals with eCRF < 85% of age‐predicted, overweight/obese individuals with eCRF ≥ 85% had 50% (HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.35‐0.74) lower risk, and normal weight individuals with eCRF ≥ 85% had 55% (HR 0.45, 95% CI 0.30‐0.68) lower risk. Conclusions Higher eCRF was associated with lower risk of incident VTE. The association was independent of weight categories, suggesting that higher eCRF may modify the association between obesity and VTE.

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“…The literature shows that blaming environmental factors only partially addresses these disturbing observations since genetic factors may have a positive effect on the association between health-related fitness and regular exercise. [15][16][17] Female survivors represent an at-risk patient population in regard to genetic dispositions to low cardiorespiratory fitness. A recent study, the first in its domain, has provided evidence of genetic predispositions to the low cardiorespiratory fitness level in childhood ALL survivors.…”

Section: Female Survivors' Genetic Dispositions To a Low Cardiorespirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex and Gender Considerations After Surviving Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: An Exercise Oncology Context

Caru

Curnier

2020

Journal of Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology

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Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric cancer in children worldwide. The distinction between sex (i.e., biological parameters) and gender (i.e., sociocultural and behavior) is not always taken into consideration in an exercise oncology context, despite its importance for the patient's care. A recent study showed that female survivors were more affected than males by low cardiorespiratory fitness several years after the end of their cancer treatments. This is all the more worrying considering that for a clinically equivalent level of moderate to vigorous physical activities, cardiorespiratory fitness is significantly lower in female survivors, compared with healthy females. Thus, the need for studies that help to better understand the physical deconditioning of female survivors after ALL is an essential aspect of exercise and oncology research. Because female survivors' cardiorespiratory fitness is directly impacted for many years, this article aims at discussing these aspects in an exercise and oncology context with sex and gender consideration.

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Genes to predict VO2max trainability: a systematic review

Cited by 109 publications

References 66 publications

Lab and field V̇O2peak testing in highly trained cyclists

Lab and field V̇O2peak testing in highly trained cyclists

Cardiorespiratory fitness and future risk of venous thromboembolism

Sex and Gender Considerations After Surviving Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: An Exercise Oncology Context

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