Genesis and Classification of Main Genetic Soil Types in Japan

Volcanic influence on mercury in soils of kagoshima, Southern Kyushu, Japan

“…From 16 soil profiles examined and analyzed, 4 non-agricultural soil profiles from each of the 4 sample areas have been selected to illustrate some of the properties characteristic of the soils and shown in Table I. The samples ranged in texture from sandy loam to heavy clay, exclusive of pumice layer which is entirely gravel-size, in organic matter content 0.09 to 26.31%, and in pH 4.1 to 6.6 The clay fraction of the soils varied from largely halloysite and illite in the soil from Gokabeppu as determined here by X-ray diffraction patterns to largely allophane from the remaining areas as reported by other workers (14,25).…”

“…Aso in the center, the other around Sakurajima in the south. The geological history of this area provides a record of occurrence of volcanic ashes, sand gravels and other volcanic ejecta with consequent soil formation processes which since latest pleistocene have been falling predominantly on southern half the island (14,25).…”

Mineralogy of Palagonitic Material from the Golan Heights, Israel

“…While the alteration series: volcanic glass-allophane or imogolite-halloysite-kaolinite, seems to represent the most common alteration course in humid climates, both cold and hot (Besoain, 1969) drier conditions appear to foster a variety of other secondary minerals, the principal among them being montmorillonite. Kanno (1961) reports from Japan the transformation of allophane into montmorillonite as a result of intermittent imperfect drainage and addition of soluble bases and silica. Poorly crystalline montmorillonite has been identified in ash-derived soils from the Antilles and Nicaragua and attributed to alternating dry and humid conditions (Colmet-Daage, 1969).…”

An approximation to establish a unified comprehensive classification system for Japanese soils

“…Tbe diagnostic features of the typie subgroup are the accumulation of humus aDd the alJopbanic character of mineral constituents. For this reason, KANN<> (35) named this group the Humie allophane soiJs. However, recentJy the Non-allophanie subgroup has been found on acidie volcanie ashes (36).…”