Genesis and evolution of the South Atlantic volcanic islands offshore Brazil

Mohriak, Webster Ueipass

doi:10.1007/s00367-019-00631-w

Cited by 51 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…Low species richness here could also result from high post-settlement mortality, which would inflate the role of local diversity and decrease the role of the regional species pool. Additionally, both island systems are of volcanic origin dating from Miocene and Pliocene epochs and thus are relatively young in terms of evolutionary timescales (Simkin, 1984;Mohriak, 2020). This is consistent with previous studies reporting low species richness in the Galápagos Islands relative to other tropical areas for fish and macroinvertebrates, likely resulting from geographic isolation and therefore low rates of species immigration (Stuart-Smith et al, 2013;Edgar et al, 2004;Barnes, 2017).…”

Section: Latitudinal Diversity Patternssupporting

confidence: 89%

Optimizing Large-Scale Biodiversity Sampling Effort: Toward an Unbalanced Survey Design

Montes¹,

Lefcheck²,

Guerra‐Castro³

et al. 2021

Oceanog

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Acquiring marine biodiversity data is difficult, costly, and time-consuming, making it challenging to understand the distribution and abundance of life in the ocean. Historically, approaches to biodiversity sampling over large geographic scales have advocated for equivalent effort across multiple sites to minimize comparative bias. When effort cannot be equalized, techniques such as rarefaction have been applied to minimize biases by reverting diversity estimates to equivalent numbers of samples or individuals. This often results in oversampling and wasted resources or inaccurately characterized communities due to undersampling. How, then, can we better determine an optimal survey design for characterizing species richness and community composition across a range of conditions and capacities without compromising taxonomic resolution and statistical power? Researchers in the Marine Biodiversity Observation Network Pole to Pole of the Americas (MBON Pole to Pole) are surveying rocky shore macroinvertebrates and algal communities spanning ~107° of latitude and 10 biogeographic ecoregions to address this question. Here, we apply existing techniques in the form of fixed-coverage subsampling and a complementary multivariate analysis to determine the optimal effort necessary for characterizing species richness and community composition across the network sampling sites. We show that oversampling for species richness varied between ~20% and 400% at over half of studied areas, while some locations were undersampled by up to 50%. Multivariate error analysis also revealed that most of the localities were oversampled by several-fold for benthic community composition. From this analysis, we advocate for an unbalanced sampling approach to support field programs in the collection of high-quality data, where preliminary information is used to set the minimum required effort to generate robust values of diversity and composition on a site-to-site basis. As part of this recommendation, we provide statistical tools in the open-source R statistical software to aid researchers in implementing optimization strategies and expanding the geographic footprint or sampling frequency of regional biodiversity survey programs.

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Section: Latitudinal Diversity Patternssupporting

confidence: 89%

Optimizing Large-Scale Biodiversity Sampling Effort: Toward an Unbalanced Survey Design

Montes¹,

Lefcheck²,

Guerra‐Castro³

et al. 2021

Oceanog

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“…These features are probably consequence of the larger intertidal area (ca. 60 km vs. 22 km total perimeter) and older origin of Noronha (∼12.5 Ma vs. ∼3.9 Ma; see Mohriak, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Niche-Relationships Within and Among Intertidal Reef Fish Species

et al. 2021

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Niche-related processes (e.g., density or niche-breadth compensation and competition) are fundamental to a broad understanding of community ecology and ecosystem functioning. Most evidences of competition are from controlled indoor trials with few species, and it remains a challenge to estimate competition among multiple species in the field. Here, we analyze stable isotopes and distributional data from 51 fish taxa in six locations in the southwestern Atlantic to predict intraspecific trophic pressure (ITP) and the potential competitive strength among species in a trophic-based framework. We used two proxies built upon 2-dimensional isotopic space (δ13C vs. δ15N), its predicted overlap, and fish density to calculate winner and loser taxa in potential paired interspecific competitive interactions. The intraspecific proxy indicated that cryptobenthic fishes are under high among-individual trophic pressure (high densities and small niche sizes). Also, cryptobenthic behavior together with feeding specialization and extremely small-sizes were the most important traits related to low success in interspecific simulations. Although cryptobenthic fishes face strong competitive pressures, there are some known inherent trade-offs to cryptobenthic life such as trophic and habitat use specializations. These seem to compensate and ensure coexistence among cryptobenthic fishes and non-cryptobenthic species. Habitat loss/degradation via urbanization, invasive species and climate-change-driven sea-level rise can reduce the suitability of habitat and increase competition on cryptobenthic species, especially in shallow reefs and intertidal shores.

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“…An immensely long mountain range developed due to the divergent motion between continental plates, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (Searle 2013;UNESCO 2021). Situated between Brazil and the African continent, the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago is a rare non-volcanic formation resulting from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge's exhumed mantle rocks (Mohriak 2020). As a consequence of unique geological traits, along with latitude, weather, marine currents, and biogeographic features the biodiversity of the SPSPA is commensurately singular.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago barcoded: fish diversity in the remoteness and DNA barcodes reference library for metabarcoding monitoring

Cruz

Hoffmann

Freitas

2021

Preprint

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Anthropogenic pressures have been depleting the global biodiversity. In order to monitor the changes in ecosystems, molecular techniques can be used to characterize species composition. Among molecular markers capable of identifying species, the COI is the most used, and its sequencing is the standard procedure of how taxonomic information can be surveyed. Despite this, new possibilities of biodiversity profiling have become possible through the assessment of highly fragmented DNA molecules in environmental samples. Now, medium- and short-length markers are used in metabarcoding studies. Here, a survey of marine fish from the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago was barcoded, in which the COI barcode procedure identified 21 species of 11 families of fish. Then, the first extensive COI library of these islands located in isolation was constructed; from these sequences, the most appropriate primer pair for future metabarcoding studies was identified. The new Saint Peter and Saint Paul sequence database has 9,183 sequences from 165 species and 62 families of fish. The overall mean distance among all sequences was 0.4. This distance reveals that the archipelago is a reservoir of biodiversity as this attribute is higher than other islands around the world. Due to this, the protection of the archipelago should be enhanced and well monitored with science-based approaches such as DNA metabarcoding. In this case, the primer pair specifically designed from this library should be considered.

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Genesis and evolution of the South Atlantic volcanic islands offshore Brazil

Cited by 51 publications

References 115 publications

Optimizing Large-Scale Biodiversity Sampling Effort: Toward an Unbalanced Survey Design

Optimizing Large-Scale Biodiversity Sampling Effort: Toward an Unbalanced Survey Design

Niche-Relationships Within and Among Intertidal Reef Fish Species

Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago barcoded: fish diversity in the remoteness and DNA barcodes reference library for metabarcoding monitoring

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