Genesis and maturation of serotonergic vesicles in identified giant cerebral neuron of Aplysia

Lj, Shkolnik; Jh, Schwartz

doi:10.1152/jn.1980.43.4.945

Cited by 49 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Studies with ligated rat sciatic nerve revealed that APP undergoes anterograde fast axonal transport, but the organelles responsible for this transport were not identified . Structures ("compound double vesicles") similar to the ones observed in the present report have been seen in the cell body and axon of the giant cerebral neuron of Aplysia, and have been suggested to be vesicles on their way to nerve terminals (Shkolnik and Schwartz, 1980). Schubert et al (1991) reported an association of APP with presynaptic vesicles.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Morphologic and biochemical analysis of the intracellular trafficking of the Alzheimer beta/A4 amyloid precursor protein

Caporaso¹,

Takei²,

Gandy³

et al. 1994

J. Neurosci.

169

113

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Abnormal metabolic processing of the beta/A4 amyloid precursor protein (APP) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. Several aspects of normal APP processing have been elucidated, but the precise cellular trafficking of APP remains unclear. To investigate APP trafficking pathways further, we have examined the subcellular distribution of APP in rat brain tissue and a variety of cultured cell types, and correlated this distribution with the biochemical processing of APP. In immunofluorescence microscopy of rat brain sections, APP immunoreactivity was concentrated in the Golgi complex and in proximal axon segments. In addition, a lower level of punctate fluorescence was visible throughout the neuropil. By immunoelectron microscopy of rat brain tissue fragments, APP was found associated with Golgi elements and with medium-sized, invaginated vesicles in both axons and dendrites. Prominent localization of APP to the Golgi complex was also found in primary cultures of rat hippocampal neurons and in non- neuronal cell lines. When cultured cells were treated with brefeldin A (BFA), APP immunoreactivity changed from a Golgi-like to an endoplasmic reticulum-like distribution. No APP was detected in the BFA-induced reticulum identified by the transferrin receptor, indicating that concentration of APP in the Golgi does not reflect recycling between the trans-Golgi network and early endosomal system. In immunoblots of BFA-treated cells, there was an accumulation of full-length APP and inhibition of APP secretory processing. Treatment with phorbol ester resulted in a marked elevation of APP secretion, but no obvious redistribution of APP immunoreactivity was apparent at the light microscope level. The lysosomotropic drug chloroquine induced accumulation of APP in cell lysates, as seen by immunoblotting. Immunofluorescence microscopy of chloroquine-treated cells demonstrated a colocalization of APP with the lysosomal marker Igp 120, whereas no colocalization was seen in untreated cells. Taken together, these results support a scheme in which APP is concentrated in the Golgi complex as it travels through the central vacuolar system en route to the plasma membrane for secretion of its amino-terminal domain and/or to lysosomes for degradation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Morphologic and biochemical analysis of the intracellular trafficking of the Alzheimer beta/A4 amyloid precursor protein

Caporaso¹,

Takei²,

Gandy³

et al. 1994

J. Neurosci.

169

113

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“…The functional organization of the synapse in Aplysia is similar to the synaptic morphology that has been described in the central nervous system of other animals, including vertebrates (Bailey, Kandel, and Chen, 1981). A synaptic contact in this mollusc consists of a single presynaptic component, which is most often a small irregularly shaped varicose expansion and a single postsynaptic component which is most often a small diameter spine but can also be a larger neurite or even a neuronal or glial cell body (Coggeshall, 1967;Bailey, Thompson, Castellucci, and Kandel, 1979;Tremblay, Colonnier, and McLennan, 1979;Shkolnik and Schwartz, 1980). Over the past decade, it has become evident that at many types of chemical synapses transmitter substance is not released at all points within the presynaptic terminal; rather, release occurs only from specific modified regions called active zones (Couteaux and Pecot-Dechavassine, 1970;Heuser, Reese, Dennis, Jan, Jan, and Evans, 1979;Heuser and Reese, 1981).…”

Section: Structure Of the Synapse In Aplysiamentioning

confidence: 98%

“…A synaptic contact in this mollusc consists of a single presynaptic component, which is most often a small irregularly shaped varicose expansion and a single postsynaptic component which is most often a small diameter spine but can also be a larger neurite or even a neuronal or glial cell body (Coggeshall, 1967;Bailey, Thompson, Castellucci, and Kandel, 1979;Tremblay, Colonnier, and McLennan, 1979;Shkolnik and Schwartz, 1980).…”

Section: Structure Of the Synapse In Aplysiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural plasticity at identified synapses during long‐term memory in Aplysia

Bailey

Chen

1989

J. Neurobiol.

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We have used the gill- and siphon-withdrawal reflex of Aplysia californica to determine the morphological basis of the prolonged changes in synaptic effectiveness that underlie long-term habituation and sensitization. We have found that clear structural changes accompany behavioral modification and have demonstrated that these can be detected at the level of identified sensory neuron synapses, a critical site of plasticity for the short-term forms of both types of learning. These alterations occur at two different levels of synaptic organization and include (1) changes in focal regions of synaptic membrane specialization--the number, size and vesicle complement of sensory neuron active zones are larger in sensitized animals and smaller in habituated animals compared with controls--and (2) a parallel but more dramatic and global trend involving modulation of the total number of presynaptic varicosities per sensory neuron. Quantitative analysis of the time course over which these structural alterations occur during sensitization has further demonstrated that changes in the number of varicosities and active zones persist in parallel with the behavioral retention of the memory. This increase in the number of sensory neuron synapses during long-term sensitization in Aplysia is similar to changes in the number of synapses in the mammalian brain following various forms of environmental manipulations and learning (Greenough, 1984). Therefore learning may involve a form of neuronal growth across a broad segment of the animal kingdom, thereby suggesting a role for structural synaptic plasticity during long-term behavioral modifications.

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“…In Aplysia californica, the morphology of the GCN and its axon are well known (Weiss and Kupfermann, 1976;Shkolnik and Schwartz, 1980). With the antiserotonin antibody, this axon can be traced from the GCN soma in the cerebral ganglion into the cerebrobuccal connective, buccal nerves, and buccal neuropil [Figs.…”

Section: Specificitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotonin immunoreactivity of neurons in the gastropod Aplysia californica

Longley¹,

Longley²

1986

J. Neurobiol.

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Serotonergic neurons and axons were mapped in the central ganglia of Aplysia californica using antiserotonin antibody on intact ganglia and on serial sections. Immunoreactive axons and processes were present in all ganglia and nerves, and distinct somata were detected in all ganglia except the buccal and pleural ganglia. The cells stained included known serotonergic neurons: the giant cerebral neurons and the RB cells of the abdominal ganglion. The area of the abdominal ganglion where interneurons are located which produce facilitation during the gill withdrawal reflex was carefully examined for antiserotonin immunoreactive neurons. None were found, but two bilaterally symmetric pairs of immunoreactive axons were identified which descend from the contralateral cerebral or pedal ganglion to abdominal ganglion. Because of the continuous proximity of this pair of axons, they could be recognized and traced into the abdominal ganglion neuropil in each preparation. If serotonin is a facilitating transmitter in the abdominal ganglion, these and other antiserotonin immunoreactive axons in the pleuroabdominal connectives may be implicated in this facilitation.

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Genesis and maturation of serotonergic vesicles in identified giant cerebral neuron of Aplysia

Cited by 49 publications

References 0 publications

Morphologic and biochemical analysis of the intracellular trafficking of the Alzheimer beta/A4 amyloid precursor protein

Morphologic and biochemical analysis of the intracellular trafficking of the Alzheimer beta/A4 amyloid precursor protein

Structural plasticity at identified synapses during long‐term memory in Aplysia

Serotonin immunoreactivity of neurons in the gastropod Aplysia californica

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