Genesis of dacitic magmatism at batur volcano, Bali, Indonesia: Implications for the origins of stratovolcano calderas

Wheller, G.E.; Varne, R.

doi:10.1016/0377-0273(86)90031-4

Cited by 45 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, the concentration levels in the water of Batur Lake and Batur Spring were very similar. On the other hand, the concentration levels of ions present in Bratan Lake are comparable to concentrations determined in the precipitate observed in the area of interest, as it is the main factor of loading water into this lake [22][23][24].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Estimating the Impact of Inflow on the Chemistry of Two Different Caldera Type Lakes Located on the Bali Island (Indonesia)

Polkowska

Wolska

Łéczyński

et al. 2015

Water

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This paper is a preliminary attempt to assess the composition of pollutants in two different caldera lakes situated in the Indonesian Archipelago: Batur and Bratan. Both lakes are characterized by largely different physico-chemical regimes; Batur Lake is located in an area that is currently volcanically active, unlike Bratan Lake. The latter is much smaller and shallower than Batur Lake. The concentration of pollutants in the Indonesian equatorial lakes is largely unknown, and the impact of both biological and geothermal processes on their distribution requires attention. This study shows that the concentrations of cations (Na 1713Be, Ag, Sb, Tl, Bi) differ greatly between both lakes. Most chemical parameters determined in volcanically influenced Batur Lake were tens to hundreds times higher than in Bratan Lake, and in the case of trace metals, the ratios of the two lakes' concentrations reached several hundreds. This study also compared the composition and concentration levels of organic compounds in both lakes, such as fatty acids, halocarbons and esters. On the other hand, the content of organic chemicals in the lakes also results from biological activity by phytoplankton, zooplankton and bacteria.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Estimating the Impact of Inflow on the Chemistry of Two Different Caldera Type Lakes Located on the Bali Island (Indonesia)

Polkowska

Wolska

Łéczyński

et al. 2015

Water

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“…Marinelli and Tazieff (1968) first recognized the existence of a large dacitic ignimbrite sheet in southern Bali (Bali Ignimbrite) and related it to the formation of the Batur calderas; thus, establishing the explosive origin of these structures. Wheller and Varne (1986) investigated the geochemistry of the dacitic ignimbrites and its implications for the evolution of the BVF. Like Marinelli and Tazieff (1968), they interpreted the 'Bali Ignimbrite' as a single unit.…”

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Large volumes of ignimbrites that cover most of the southern part of Bali have long been recognized and attributed to BVF (Marinelli and Tazieff 1968;Wheller and Varne 1986;Sutawidjaja 1990), emphasizing the highly explosive and hazardous history of this volcano. However, the stratigraphy within these deposits and, consequently, the eruptive history of the caldera-forming eruptions are poorly constrained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in eruptive dynamics associated with caldera collapse: an example from two successive eruptions at Batur volcanic field, Bali, Indonesia

Reubi

Nicholls

2004

Bulletin of Volcanology

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Batur volcanic field (BVF) in Bali, Indonesia, underwent two successive caldera-forming eruptions, CI and CII (29,300 and 20,150 years b.p., respectively) that resulted in the deposition of dacitic ignimbrites. The respective ignimbrites show contrasted stratigraphies, exemplify the variability of dynamics associated with caldera-forming eruptions and provide insights into the possible controls exerted by caldera collapse mechanisms. The Ubud Ignimbrite is widespread and covers most of southern Bali. The deposits consist dominantly of pyroclastic flow with minor pumice fall deposits. The intracaldera succession comprises three distinct, partially to densely welded cooling units separated by non-welded pyroclastic flow and fall deposits. The three cooling units consist of pyroclastic flow deposits only and together represent up to 16 distinct flow units, each including a thin, basal, lithic-rich breccia. This eruption was related to a 13.510 km caldera (CI) with a minimum collapsed volume of 62 km 3 . The floor of caldera CI is inferred to have a piecemeal geometry. The Ubud Ignimbrite is interpreted as the product of a relatively long-lasting, pulsating, collapsing fountain that underwent at least two time breaks. A stable column developed during the second time break. Discharge rate was high overall, but oscillatory, and increased toward the end of the eruption. These dynamics are thought to reflect sequential collapse of the CI structure. The Gunungkawi Ignimbrite is of more limited extent outside the source caldera and occurs only in central southern Bali. The Gunungkawi Ignimbrite proximal deposits consist of interbedded accretionary lapilli-bearing ash surge, ash fall, pumice lapilli fall and thin pyroclastic flow deposits, overlain by a thick and massive pyroclastic flow deposit with a thick basal lag breccia. The caldera (CII) is 7.56 km in size, with a minimum collapsed volume of 9 km 3 . The CII eruption included two distinct phases. During the first, eruption intensity was low to moderate and an unstable, essentially phreatomagmatic column developed. During the second phase, the onset of caldera collapse drastically increased the eruption intensity, resulting in column collapse. The caldera floor is believed to have subsided rapidly, producing a single, short-lived burst of high eruption intensity that resulted in the deposition of the uppermost massive pyroclastic flow.

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“…Kegiatannya dicirikan oleh letusan tipe Stromboli yang disertai atau tanpa aliran lava. Erupsi kaldera Batur terjadi lebih dari 20 ribu tahun yang lalu, dan membentuk kaldera berukuran 13,8 x 10 km, yang ditandai oleh terbentuknya endapan ignimbrit yang bersusunan riodasitan (Bemmelen, 1949;Marinelli & Tazieff, 1968;Wheller & Varne, 1986;Sutawidjaja, 1990;Sutawidjaja, 2000).…”

Section: Diskusi Karakteristik Letusan Dan Potensi Ancaman Bahayanyaunclassified

Klasifikasi gunung api aktif Indonesia, studi kasus dari beberapa letusan gunung api dalam sejarah

PRATOMO¹

2006

IJOG

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SARIIndonesia dikenal sebagai negara yang mempunyai gunung api aktif terbanyak di dunia, yaitu lebih dari 30% dari gunung aktif dunia ada di Indonesia. Kawasan gunung api umumnya berpenduduk padat, karena kesuburan dan keindahan panoramanya. Hingga saat ini gunung api aktif di Indonesia dikelompokkan hanya berdasarkan sejarah letusannya, yaitu tipe A (79 buah), adalah gunung api yang pernah meletus sejak tahun 1600, tipe B (29 buah) adalah yang diketahui pernah meletus sebelum tahun 1600, dan tipe C (21 buah) adalah lapangan solfatara dan fumarola (Bemmelen, 1949;van Padang, 1951;Kusumadinata 1979). Hasil kajian terhadap sebagian dari gunung api aktif tersebut di atas memperlihatkan perbedaan karakter erupsi yang secara langsung berhubungan dengan potensi ancaman bahaya letusannya. Berdasarkan sejarah letusannya, dikombinasikan dengan karakter fi sik, bentang alam puncak, struktur gunung api, dan tipe letusannya, gunung aktif di Indonesia dapat dibedakan menjadi delapan tipe, yaitu tipe Tambora 1815 (letusan kaldera), Merapi (kubah lava), Agung (kawah terbuka), Papandayan (runtuhan dinding kawah), Batur (pascakaldera), Sangeangapi (aliran lava), dan Anak Krakatau (gunung api bawah laut).Klasifi kasi gunung api ini diharapkan akan dapat lebih memperjelas perbedaan karakteristik gunung api aktif di Indonesia, sehingga dapat dipergunakan untuk mendukung mitigasi ancaman bencana gunung api, penelitian, dan pengembangan ilmu kegunungapian dan juga meningkatkan pemahaman masyarakat terhadap gunung api aktif di Indonesia.Kata kunci: gunung api aktif Indonesia, karakteristik, klasifi kasi, mitigasi bencana gunung api (Bemmelen, 1949;van Padang 1951;Kusumadinata, 1979 ABSTRACT Indonesia is well known as a volcanic country, where more than 30% out of all the world volcanoes occupied this region. Volcanic region is generally densely populated, because of their soil fertility and other land use. Based on their historical eruptions noted since and before 1600 A.D., the Indonesian active volcanoes are regrouped in to A type (79 volcanoes), which were defi ned as volcanoes erupted since 1600 A.D., B type (29 volcanoes) erupted before 1600 A.D., and C type (21 volcanoes) are solfatar fi elds

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Genesis of dacitic magmatism at batur volcano, Bali, Indonesia: Implications for the origins of stratovolcano calderas

Cited by 45 publications

References 20 publications

Estimating the Impact of Inflow on the Chemistry of Two Different Caldera Type Lakes Located on the Bali Island (Indonesia)

Estimating the Impact of Inflow on the Chemistry of Two Different Caldera Type Lakes Located on the Bali Island (Indonesia)

Variability in eruptive dynamics associated with caldera collapse: an example from two successive eruptions at Batur volcanic field, Bali, Indonesia

Klasifikasi gunung api aktif Indonesia, studi kasus dari beberapa letusan gunung api dalam sejarah

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