Genesis of polymetallic and precious-metal ores in the Western Mediterranean province (Cévennes, France–Sardinia, Italy)

Orgeval, J.-J.; Caron, C.; Lancelot, Joël; Omenetto, Paolo; Gandin, Anna; Liberta, Anthony E.; Radé, P. Courjault; Tollon, Francis; Laurent, Ph.; Maluski, H.; Béziat, Pierre; Salpeteur, Y.; Sini, G.; Elter, Franco Marco; Baratto, M.

doi:10.1179/aes.2000.109.2.77

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The Cambrian stratigraphy of the Malines 'autochthon' and the Saint Bresson nappe (Fig. 1) is similar to that known from the MN and Sardinia (Verraes 1979(Verraes , 1983Ortenzi 1986), and the lithostratigraphic nomenclature and correlation with the southern MN are well established (Orgeval et al 1997(Orgeval et al , 2000Faure et al 1999; Fig. 2).…”

Section: Southern Cévennesmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Some authors (Lacerda & Bernard 1984, Chantal & Leblanc 1986) have proposed the mineralization as being syngenetic stratiform deposits of Cambrian age, whereas others have suggested a Variscan (Michaud 1980a, b) or Mesozoic age (Verraes 1979;Charef & Sheppard 1988;Macquar et al 1988Macquar et al , 1990. Le Guen et al (1991) and Orgeval et al (2000) subsequently synthesized the relationships between ore minerals and tectonic features and suggested a Variscan emplacement, similar to the mechanisms proposed for the northern MN, partially affected by Mesozoic reworking.…”

Section: Southern Cévennesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In the Sanguinède area, the lowermost strata of the Sanguinède Formation and the Saint Bresson dolostones that cap the so-called Saint-Bresson volcano have yielded Botoman archaeocyaths (Debrenne et al 1976). The Saint Bresson Formation contains volcanosedimentary interbeds and sedex-type Pb-Zn ore mineralizations, similar to those known in the northern MN and Sardinia (see a synthesis in Orgeval et al 2000). The Les Malines mine ores are Triassic in age and hosted within karstified dolostones of the Saint-Bresson Formation, whereas the Sanguinède and Montdardier mineralizations are hosted in the Sanguinède Formation.…”

Section: Southern Cévennesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stratigraphic record and palaeogeographic context of the Cambrian Epoch 2 subtropical carbonate platforms and their basinal counterparts inSW Europe, West Gondwana

Álvaro¹,

Monceret²,

Monceret³

et al. 2010

Bull. Geosci.

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The Ibero-Armorican Arc is the main Variscan macrostructure inSWEurope. Its branches preserve the Cambrian record of a continuous margin of West Gondwana, from its southwestern edge (West Asturian-Leonese and Cantabrian zones and their lateral continuity into the Iberian Chains) to its northeastern extension (basement of the Cenozoic Aquitaine basin, Montagne Noire, southern Cévennes, and Sardinia). These Variscan relics allow the reconstruction of a Cambrian Epoch 2 carbonate belt that developed intermittently along West Gondwana. Facies associations show that the main centres of carbonate productivity were nucleated in ooidal and sand shoals, together with microbial and microbial- archaeocyathan reefs, developed in high energy regimes under subtropical arid conditions. Outside the inner carbonate belt, carbonate production was episodic and related to deposition of kerogenous black shales and phosphogenesis in the Central Iberian Zone and northern parts of Montagne Noire and Cévennes. Development of carbonate platforms along the margin was diachronous and discontinuous, due to poleward drifting and tectonically induced drowning and flooding. Biogeographic connection with similar subtropical carbonate platforms from East Gondwana (mainly South China) favoured the migration of equatorial and subtropical trilobite genera, such as Dolerolenus, Eoredlichia, Metaredlichia, Protolenus, Redlichia, and Sardaspis

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Section: Southern Cévennesmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Southern Cévennesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Southern Cévennesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stratigraphic record and palaeogeographic context of the Cambrian Epoch 2 subtropical carbonate platforms and their basinal counterparts inSW Europe, West Gondwana

Álvaro¹,

Monceret²,

Monceret³

et al. 2010

Bull. Geosci.

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“…The inset of the Iglesias Group might be related either to tectonic instability (Fig. 4) or, as it is the case of other Cambrian successions in the Mediterranean realm, it might indicate an additional eustatic control (Orgeval et al, 2000;Liñán et al, 2016).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 98%

Base-metal sulphides and barite in the Palaeozoic of SW Sardinia: from tectonically deformed SedEx and Irish-type deposits to post-Variscan hydrothermal karst and vein ores.

Santoro,

Boni,

Putzolu

et al. 2023

Irish-Type Zn-Pb Deposits Around the World

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Stratabound Zn-Pb-Ba orebodies are hosted in the Lower Cambrian carbonates and Ordovician lithol-ogies of SW Sardinia (Italy). Two groups of genetically distinct ore types are known in the Cambrian: (1) synge-netic(?)-early diagenetic massive sulphides consisting of pyrite>>sphalerite>>galena and barite layers in tidal dolomites, interpreted so far as SedEx-type ores; (2) late-diagenetic replacement and breccia-hosted ore bodies in shallow water limestone with a higher Pb/Zn ratio and a sphalerite>galena>>pyrite association, which have been classically interpreted as MVT ores, but could be easily classified as Irish-type deposits. At the regional scale, most economically significant deposits in SW Sardinia were primarily located along long-living synsedimentary faults. Ordovician stratabound ores, consisting of barite>galena>>sphalerite, were economically less significant than the Cambrian mineralizations. The SW Sardinia ores, together with their host rocks, have been affected by Variscan tectonics, which produced two folding phases, characterized by sub-vertical axial planes-oriented E-W and N-S, and associated inverse faults. A pervasive cleavage, locally overprinting the sedimentary bedding, associated with the N-S-striking folds, strongly deformed the limestone-hosted mineralization, locally increasing the original thickness of the orebodies. During the emplacement of the Variscan granites, contact metamorphism and metasomatism modified both the original mineralogy and the chemical composition of the stratabound ores (e.g., adding Cu, F, As). The late-Variscan deposits consist of skarn bodies around the intrusions or along fault zones, and of high-temperature (HT) vein systems developed along regional tectonic lineaments. From Permian onwards, SW Sardinia experienced several hydrothermal phases, comparable with those occurring in other European terranes. The associated ores consist of low-temperature (LT) veins and palaeokarst breccia fillings in the Cambrian limestone, containing mainly Ag-galena and barite mineralization.

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One Thousand Years of Mediterranean Silver Trade to the Levant: A Review and Synthesis of Analytical Studies

Eshel,

Erel,

Yahalom-Mack

et al. 2024

J Archaeol Res

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Silver exchanged by weight for its intrinsic value was the most important measure of value and means of payment in the southern Levant, starting from the Middle Bronze Age II–III through the Iron Age (~1700/1650‒600 BC). Since silver is not available locally in the Levant, its ongoing use as currency in the region triggered long-distance trade initiatives, and its availability or lack thereof had a direct impact on the economy. The continued use is evidenced in 40 silver hoards found in various sites across the region. A comprehensive study of lead isotopes and chemical analyses of samples obtained from 19 hoards enabled us to trace the origin of silver in the millennium during which it was extensively used as currency in the southern Levant and to identify constantly changing silver sources and concomitant trade routes. The results indicate that silver originated initially in Anatolia and Greece (~1700/1650–1600 BC) and shortly after from an unknown location in the Aegean/Carpathian/Anatolian sphere (~1600–1200 BC). After the collapse of Late Bronze Age Mediterranean trade routes, during Iron Age I (~1200–950 BC), there was a period of shortage. Silver trade was revived by the Phoenicians, who brought silver to the Levant from Sardinia and Anatolia (~950–900 BC), and later from Iberia (~900–630 BC). Further change occurred after the Assyrian retreat from the Levant, when silver was shipped from the Aegean (~630–600 BC). Following the devastation caused by the expanding Babylonian empire, silver consumption in the Levant practically ended for a century. Considering the isotopic results, combined with a detailed study of the context, chronology, and chemical composition, we demonstrate that all these factors are essential for the reconstruction of developments in the supply of silver in the southern Levant, and more generally. The changes in trade routes closely follow political and social transformations for over a millennium; exchange in this case was not only, not even mainly preconditioned by the environmental/geographic circumstances, as has often been argued for the Mediterranean. From an analytical point of view, we offer a protocol for the provenance of silver in general.

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Genesis of polymetallic and precious-metal ores in the Western Mediterranean province (Cévennes, France–Sardinia, Italy)

Cited by 5 publications

References 33 publications

Stratigraphic record and palaeogeographic context of the Cambrian Epoch 2 subtropical carbonate platforms and their basinal counterparts inSW Europe, West Gondwana

Stratigraphic record and palaeogeographic context of the Cambrian Epoch 2 subtropical carbonate platforms and their basinal counterparts inSW Europe, West Gondwana

Base-metal sulphides and barite in the Palaeozoic of SW Sardinia: from tectonically deformed SedEx and Irish-type deposits to post-Variscan hydrothermal karst and vein ores.

One Thousand Years of Mediterranean Silver Trade to the Levant: A Review and Synthesis of Analytical Studies

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