Genesis of the Khaluta alkaline-basic Ba-Sr carbonatite complex (West Transbaikala, Russia)

Doroshkevich, A. G.; Рипп, Г. С.; Moore, Kathryn

doi:10.1007/s00710-009-0063-4

Cited by 32 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Importantly, the weight percentage levels of REEs required for an economic deposit commonly occur in magnesio-and iron-rich carbonatite dykes and veins (i.e., in the latest and most highly evolved parts of a carbonatite intrusion) [2,77]. In these rocks, REE accumulation is assumed to be controlled by fluid activity [2,45,57,62,68,[77][78][79][80][81][82].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Petyayan-Vara Carbonatite-Hosted Rare Earth Deposit (Vuoriyarvi, NW Russia): Mineralogy and Geochemistry

et al. 2020

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The Vuoriyarvi Devonian carbonatite–ijolite–pyroxenite–olivinite complex comprises several carbonatite fields: Neske Vara, Tukhta-Vara, and Petyayan-Vara. The most common carbonatites in the Tukhta-Vara and Neske-Vara fields are calciocarbonatites, which host several P, Fe, Nb, and Ta deposits. This paper focuses on the Petyayan-Vara field, in which the primary magmatic carbonatites are magnesian. The least altered magnesiocarbonatites are composed of dolomite with burbankite and are rich in REE (up to 2.0 wt. %), Sr (up to 1.2 wt. %), and Ba (up to 0.8 wt. %). These carbonatites underwent several stages of metasomatism. Each metasomatic event produced a new rock type with specific mineralization. The introduction of K, Si, Al, Fe, Ti, and Nb by a F-rich fluid (or fluid-saturated melt) resulted in the formation of high-Ti magnesiocarbonatites and silicocarbonatites, composed of dolomite, microcline, Ti-rich phlogopite, and Fe–Ti oxides. Alteration by a phosphate–fluoride fluid caused the crystallization of apatite in the carbonatites. A sulfate-rich Ba–Sr–rare-earth elements (REE) fluid (probably brine-melt) promoted the massive precipitation of ancylite and baryte and, to a lesser extent, strontianite, bastnäsite, and synchysite. Varieties of carbonatite that contain the highest concentrations of REE are ancylite-dominant. The influence of sulfate-rich Ba-Sr-REE fluid on the apatite-bearing rocks resulted in the dissolution and reprecipitation of apatite in situ. The newly formed apatite generation is rich in HREE, Sr, and S. During late-stage transformations, breccias of magnesiocarbonatites with quartz-bastnäsite matrixes were formed. Simultaneously, strontianite, quartz, calcite, monazite, HREE-rich thorite, and Fe-hydroxides were deposited. Breccias with quartz-bastnäsite matrix are poorer in REE (up to 4.5 wt. % total REE) than the ancylite-dominant rocks (up to 11 wt. % total REE).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Petyayan-Vara Carbonatite-Hosted Rare Earth Deposit (Vuoriyarvi, NW Russia): Mineralogy and Geochemistry

et al. 2020

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“…Doroshkevich et al, 2010;Xie et al, 2015), and sulphate melt generated by immiscibility in the late stages of magmatic crystallisation has been identified in numerous melt inclusion studies (e.g. Andreeva et al, 1998;Panina, 2005;Panina and Motorina, 2008;Panina and Stoppa, 2009).…”

Section: Wider Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The origin of secondary heavy rare earth element enrichment in carbonatites: Constraints from the evolution of the Huanglongpu district, China

Smith

Kynický

et al. 2018

Lithos

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The silico-carbonatite dykes of the Huanglongpu area, Lesser Qinling, China, are unusual in that they are quartzbearing, Mo-mineralised and enriched in the heavy rare earth elements (HREE) relative to typical carbonatites. The textures of REE minerals indicate crystallisation of monazite-(Ce), bastnäsite-(Ce), parisite-(Ce) and aeschynite-(Ce) as magmatic phases. Burbankite was also potentially an early crystallising phase. Monazite-(Ce) was subsequently altered to produce a second generation of apatite, which was in turn replaced and overgrown by britholite-(Ce), accompanied by the formation of allanite-(Ce). Bastnäsite and parisite where replaced by synchysite-(Ce) and röntgenite-(Ce). Aeschynite-(Ce) was altered to uranopyrochlore and then pyrochlore with uraninite inclusions. The mineralogical evolution reflects the evolution from magmatic carbonatite, to more silica-rich conditions during early hydrothermal processes, to fully hydrothermal conditions accompanied by the formation of sulphate minerals. Each alteration stage resulted in the preferential leaching of the LREE and enrichment in the HREE. Mass balance considerations indicate hydrothermal fluids must have contributed HREE to the mineralisation. The evolution of the fluorcarbonate mineral assemblage requires an increase in a Ca 2+ and a CO 3 2− in the metasomatic fluid (where a is activity), and breakdown of HREE-enriched calcite may have been the HREE source. Leaching in the presence of strong, LREE-selective ligands (Cl − ) may account for the depletion in late stage minerals in the LREE, but cannot account for subsequent preferential HREE addition. Fluid inclusion data indicate the presence of sulphate-rich brines during alteration, and hence sulphate complexation may have been important for preferential HREE transport. Alongside HREE-enriched magmatic sources, and enrichment during magmatic processes, late stage alteration with non-LREE-selective ligands may be critical in forming HREE-enriched carbonatites.

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“…The region in which the carbonatite complexes are widespread is characterized by a diversity of associated magmatic rocks, which are close to the carbonatites in age. These (modified after Lebedev et al 2007) include alkaline and sub-alkaline basic rocks and syenites, ultrabasic rocks, and granitoids (Doroshkevich et al 2010;Nikiforov and Yarmolyuk 2004). Another essential feature of the carbonatite complexes of Central Asia is their high, ore-bearing potential.…”

Section: Carbonatites Of Siberiamentioning

confidence: 98%

Origin of REE-rich ferrocarbonatites in southern Siberia (Russia): implications based on melt and fluid inclusions

et al. 2016

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Fe-rich carbonatites with a mineral assemblage of ankerite-calcite or siderite are widespread in southern Siberia, Russia. The siderite carbonatites are associated with F-Ba-Sr-REE mineralization and have a 40 Ar/ 39 Ar age of 117.2 ± 1.3 Ma. Melt and fluid inclusions suggest that the carbonatites formed from volatile-rich alkali-and chloride-bearing carbonate melts. Ankeritecalcite carbonatites formed from carbonatite melt at a temperature of more than 790°C. The ferrocarbonatites (the second phase of carbonatite intrusion) formed from a sulfate-carbonate-chloride fluid phase (brine-melt) at >650°C and ≥360 MPa. The brine-melt fluid phase had high concentrations of Fe and LREEs. A subsequent hydrothermal overprint contributed to the formation of economically important barite-Sr-fluorite-REE mineralization in polymict siderite breccia.

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Genesis of the Khaluta alkaline-basic Ba-Sr carbonatite complex (West Transbaikala, Russia)

Cited by 32 publications

References 40 publications

The Petyayan-Vara Carbonatite-Hosted Rare Earth Deposit (Vuoriyarvi, NW Russia): Mineralogy and Geochemistry

The Petyayan-Vara Carbonatite-Hosted Rare Earth Deposit (Vuoriyarvi, NW Russia): Mineralogy and Geochemistry

The origin of secondary heavy rare earth element enrichment in carbonatites: Constraints from the evolution of the Huanglongpu district, China

Origin of REE-rich ferrocarbonatites in southern Siberia (Russia): implications based on melt and fluid inclusions

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