Genesis of the Xianghualing Sn–Pb–Zn deposit, South China: A multi-method zircon study

Wu, Jianfei; Li, Huan; Algeo, Thomas J.; Jiang, Weicheng; Zhou, Zhe-Kai

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.09.005

Cited by 61 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…Zircons from skarns have similar age groups to those from the Laiziling pluton, which are Silurian (c. 430 Ma), Triassic (c. 220 Ma) and Jurassic (c. 150 Ma), corresponding to three episodes of magmatic and associated hydrothermal activity in the Nanling region. Zircons from sulphide ores have a wide range of ages (497-3409 Ma, peak at 800-1000 Ma) and are consistent with those of Cambrian sedimentary rocks in the study region, implying that later ore-forming fluids may have circulated through upper crustal sedimentary rocks (Wu et al 2018). The Laiziling pluton, which has been studied in detail, is a highly evolved A-type granite formed by the re-melting of lower crustal granulite rocks; the whole process was triggered by the Palaeo-pacific slab rollback, back-arc extension and subsequent asthenospheric upwelling (Yang et al 2018;Liu et al 2019).…”

supporting

confidence: 59%

“…At c. 2.5 Ga, the Cathaysia Block was under a continental-arc environment; during this period, magma from the depleted mantle was underplated and related mafic rocks were intruded and remained in the lower crust, possibly forming the source region of the Jurassic A-type melts. The lower crust of the Cathaysia Block, which contains many old zircons, was intruded by mantle magma multiple times before the Jurassic Period (Wu et al 2018). During the Jurassic Period, the large-scale melting of the lower crust produced abundant A-type granitic rocks.…”

Section: B Zircon Host Rock Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crustal growth event in the Cathaysia Block at 2.5 Ga: evidence from chronology and geochemistry of captured zircons in Jurassic acidic dykes

Lai

Xiao

et al. 2020

Geol. Mag.

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Six acidic dykes were discovered surrounding the Laiziling pluton, Xianghualing area, in the western Cathaysia Block, South China. A number of captured zircons are found in two of these acidic dykes. By detailed U–Pb dating, Lu–Hf isotopes and trace-element analysis, we find that these zircons have ages clustered at c. 2.5 Ga. Two acidic dyke samples yielded upper intersection point 206U/238Pb ages of 2505 ± 42 Ma and 2533 ± 22 Ma, and weighted mean 207Pb/206Pb ages of 2500 ± 30 Ma and 2535 ± 16 Ma. The majority of these zircons have high (Sm/La)N, Th/U and low Ce/Ce* ratios, indicating a magmatic origin, but some grains were altered by later hydrothermal fluid. Additionally, the magmatic zircons have high Y, U, heavy rare earth element, Nb and Ta contents, indicating that their host rocks were mainly mafic rocks or trondhjemite–tonalite–granodiorite rock series. Equally, their moderate Y, Yb, Th, Gd and Er contents also indicate that a mafic source formed in a continental volcanic-arc environment. These zircons have positive ϵHf(t) values (2.5–6.9) close to zircons from the depleted mantle, with TDM (2565–2741 Ma) and TDM2 (2608–2864 Ma) ages close to their formation ages, indicating that these zircons originated directly from depleted mantle magma, or juvenile crust derived from the depleted mantle in a very short period. We therefore infer that the Cathaysia Block experienced a crustal growth event at c. 2.5 Ga.

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supporting

confidence: 59%

Section: B Zircon Host Rock Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crustal growth event in the Cathaysia Block at 2.5 Ga: evidence from chronology and geochemistry of captured zircons in Jurassic acidic dykes

Lai

Xiao

et al. 2020

Geol. Mag.

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“…All results are reported as per mil (% ) relative to the Canyon Diablo Troilite (CDT), with analysis accuracy better than ± 0.2% . Sulfide Pb isotope compositions were also analyzed using a MAT-261 and similar method as outlined in Xu et al and Li et al [28,29]. Sulfide samples were completely dissolved in ultrapure (HNO 3 + HCl) acids at 180 • C. The Pb in the samples was then separated and purified with the two-column AG 1-X8 anion resin technique.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geology and Genesis of Xianglushan Fe-Cu Orefield in Sichuan (SW China): Evidence from C-O-S-Pb Isotopes

Wang

Lai

2019

Minerals

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The Proterozoic Xianglushan Fe-Cu orefield (western Sichuan) is located in the Huili–Dongchuan ore belt on the southwestern margin of the Yangtze Block in SW China. The orefield has experienced complex magmatotectonic activities, and hosts a wide variety of Fe oxide-(Cu-Au) deposits. At Xianglushan, the orebodies are made of stratabound magnetite–hematite orebodies superimposed by vein-type chalcopyrite mineralization. The stratabound Fe orebodies are hosted mainly in the Proterozoic volcanic-sedimentary rocks of the lower Yinmin Formation, whilst the Cu vein or stockwork ores were mainly emplaced into the upper part of the footwall volcanic rocks and the lower part of the Fe orebodies. We divided the alteration/mineralization and their fluid inclusions (FIs) into the (I) sodic-calcic alteration, (II) potassic-silicic-sericite alteration and Fe-(Cu) mineralization, and (III) carbonate alteration and Cu mineralization stages. Stage II FIs are mainly two-phase (vapor-liquid), and are featured by medium temperature (348 to 379 °C) and high salinity (21.8 to 22.9 wt % NaCl eqv). Their generally negative calcite δ13C (−4.1‰ to −3.1‰) and δ18OH2O (12.2‰ to 15.3‰) values reveal that the Stage II ore fluids have had a seawater-magmatic fluid mixed source. Late Stage II pyrite has δ34S (−3.3‰ to 13.7‰), 206Pb/204Pb (17.663 to 18.982), 207Pb/204Pb (15.498 to 15.824) and 208Pb/204Pb (37.784 to 38.985), suggesting that the ore-forming materials were derived from dominantly upper crustal source. Stage III FIs are also mainly two-phase (vapor-liquid), and are featured by lower temperature (206 to 267 °C) and salinity (19.0 to 22.5 wt % NaCl eqv) than their Stage II counterparts. The Stage III ore fluids were also likely derived from a meteoric–magmatic mixed source with greater magmatic influence, as indicated by the generally negative calcite δ13C (−6.9‰ to −4.6‰) and δ18OH2O (6.3‰ to 9.2‰) values. Similar to the late Stage II pyrite, the Stage III chalcopyrite δ34S (−4.6‰ to 5.2‰) and Pb isotopes (206Pb/204Pb = 18.198 to 18.987; 207Pb/204Pb = 15.534 to 15.876; and 208Pb/204Pb = 37.685 to 39.476) also suggest a crustal ore-forming material source. Therefore, we suggest that the Fe-(Cu) and Cu mineralization at Xianglushan had similar ore fluid and material sources, although the magmatic influence increased in the later stage. This resembles many Fe-(Cu) deposits in the Huili–Dongchuan ore belt. We conclude that the Xianglushan Fe-Cu deposits are both similar to and different from typical iron-oxide copper gold (IOCG) deposits in terms of alteration styles and hydrothermal mineral assemblages, and are thus best classified as IOCG-like deposits hosted in submarine volcanic-sedimentary rocks. Considering the Mesoproterozoic regional tectonics in the southwestern Yangtze Block, we propose that the Xianglushan ore formation occurred in an intra-/back-arc inversion setting, possibly related to the closure of the Anning ocean basin.

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“…The Xianghualing skarn is located at the exocontact zone of the Laiziling granite, which intruded into the Middle-Upper Devonian carbonate rocks of the Qiziqiao Formation. The geological, mineralogical, and geochronological features of the Xianghualing skarn and the Laiziling granite have been extensively described in the literature (Chao 1964;Zhang et al 1986;Huang et al 1988;Xiong et al 2002;Yuan et al 2007;Zhu et al 2011;Yang et al 2012Yang et al , 2013Huang et al 2015;Rao et al 2017;Xie et al 2018;Wu et al 2018). Like ribbon (Jahns 1944) or wrigglite rock (Kwak and Askins 1981), the Xianghualing skarn is composed of alternating…”

Section: Occurrence and Originmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chukochenite (Li.0.5Al0.5)Al2O4, a new lithium oxyspinel mineral from the Xianghualing skarn, Hunan Province, China

Rao

Wang

et al. 2021

msam

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Chukochenite, (Li0.5Al0.5)Al2O4, is a new mineral species from the Xianghualing skarn, Hunan Province, southern China. It occurs as subhedral to euhedral crystals up to 200 μm across in the green rock of Xianghualing skarn, closely associated with fluorite, phlogopite, chrysoberyl, margarite, chlorite, ferronigerite-2N1S, and zinconigerite-2N1S. The crystals are colorless and transparent with vitreous luster. Chukochenite is brittle with irregular fracture, has a Mohs hardness of 8, and shows light red fluorescence under 253.7 nm UV radiation and light green fluorescence under 365 nm UV radiation. The calculated density is 3.771 g/cm 3 . Chukochenite is optically biaxial (-) with α = 1.79 (2), β = 1.82 (2), and γ = 1.83 (2) (589 nm).The calculated 2V is 60°, and optical orientation: X, Y and Z are parallel to crystallographic a, b and c, respectively. Electron microprobe analysis (Li by LA-ICP-MS) yielded in wt.%

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Genesis of the Xianghualing Sn–Pb–Zn deposit, South China: A multi-method zircon study

Cited by 61 publications

References 106 publications

Crustal growth event in the Cathaysia Block at 2.5 Ga: evidence from chronology and geochemistry of captured zircons in Jurassic acidic dykes

Crustal growth event in the Cathaysia Block at 2.5 Ga: evidence from chronology and geochemistry of captured zircons in Jurassic acidic dykes

Geology and Genesis of Xianglushan Fe-Cu Orefield in Sichuan (SW China): Evidence from C-O-S-Pb Isotopes

Chukochenite (Li.0.5Al0.5)Al2O4, a new lithium oxyspinel mineral from the Xianghualing skarn, Hunan Province, China

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