Genetic admixture and language shift in the medieval Volga-Oka interfluve

Peltola, Sanni; Majander, Kerttu; Makarov, Nikolaj; Dobrovolskaya, Maria V.; Nordqvist, Kerkko; Salmela, Elina; Onkamo, Päivi

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.11.036

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…//haam-community.github.io) and various working groups recently embracing Poseidon-based workflows and first papers referencing it explicitly ( [42,43] and other forthcoming work) we indeed see positive signals towards wider adoption. Regardless of whether this development subsists and a community forms around Poseidon, the Poseidon data format and the software developed for it will remain permanently and openly available for future reference.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Critically the long-term success of Poseidon depends on scientists and generally practitioners in the field of archaeogenetics to reroute resources, not least time, into its development and maintenance, if they consider it valuable for their research and publications. With emerging initiatives like the HAAM Community (https://haam-community.github.io) and various working groups recently embracing Poseidon-based workflows and first papers referencing it explicitly ([42, 43] and other forthcoming work) we indeed see positive signals towards wider adoption. Regardless of whether this development subsists and a community forms around Poseidon, the Poseidon data format and the software developed for it will remain permanently and openly available for future reference.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Poseidon – A framework for archaeogenetic human genotype data management

Schmid,

Ghalichi,

Lamnidis

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The study of ancient human genomes, archaeo- or palaeogenetics, has accelerated in the last ten years, with now thousands of new ancient genomes being released each year. Operating at the interface of genetics, anthropology and archaeology, the data includes features from all three fields, including rich meta- and context-data, for example regarding spatiotemporal provenience. While archives and standards for genetic sequencing data already exist, no such infrastructure exists for combined genetic and meta-data that could ensure FAIR principles across the field. Here, we present Poseidon, a framework for open and FAIR data handling in archaeogenetics, including a specified package format, software tools, and public, community-maintained online archives. Poseidon emphasises human- and machine-readable data storage, the development of convenient and interoperable command line software, and a high degree of source granularity to elevate the original data publication to the main unit of long-term curation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Poseidon – A framework for archaeogenetic human genotype data management

Schmid,

Ghalichi,

Lamnidis

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…After analyzing the results of the PCA and Admixture analysis, as well as available historical information, we selected populations that could participate in the formation of the genome of Prince Dmitry Alexandrovich: the genomes of the early medieval population of the east of Scandinavia; representatives of the Iranian-speaking nomads of the Eurasian steppes of the Iron Age, and the population of the early Middle Ages of Central Europe, which includes a well-known component of the steppe nomads and samples of individuals representing the ancient East Eurasian component. To assess the contribution of the Slavic component to the genome of Prince Dmitry Alexandrovich, samples of the Medieval Russian population of the XI century from the rural necropolis of the Shekshovo settlement in Suzdal Opolye and an individual of the XII century from the territory of modern Vladimir (Sungir6) were used [ 43 , 44 ]. Several models were tested:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We hypothesize that alternative models – replacing the population of “Vikings” with Medieval Russian Slavic populations – will likely also provide a fit. Since the pagan Slavic tradition practiced cremation until the end of the X century, we used samples of the medieval Russian population of the XI century from the rural necropolis of the settlement of Shekshovo9 in the Suzdal Opolye and an individual of the XI century from the territory of modern Vladimir, Russia (Sungir6) [ 42 , 43 ]. The genomes of individuals from Shekshovo9 are the result of a mix of the Central European (Slavic) and local (Finnish) genetic components, while Sungir6 is considered a pure Medieval Russian Slavic population.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Rurikids: The First Experience of Reconstructing the Genetic Portrait of the Ruling Family of Medieval Rus’ Based on Paleogenomic Data

Zhur,

Sharko,

Sedov

et al. 2023

Acta Naturae

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The Rurikids were the reigning house of Rus, its principalities and, ultimately the Tsardom of Russia, for seven centuries: from the IX to the end of the XVI century. According to the Primary Chronicle (the Tale of Bygone Years), the main chronicle of Rus, the Rurik dynasty was founded by the Varangian prince Rurik, invited to reign in Novgorod in 862, but still there is no direct genetic evidence of the origin of the early Rurikids. This research, for the first time, provides a genome-wide paleogenetic analysis of bone remains belonging to one of the Rurikids, Prince Dmitry Alexandrovich (?1294), the son of the Grand Prince of Vladimir Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky (12211263). It has been established that his Y chromosome belongs to the N1a haplogroup. Most of the modern Rurikids, according to their genealogies, belonging to the N1a haplogroup, have the most similar variants of Y chromosomes to each other, as well as to the Y chromosome of Prince Dmitry Alexandrovich. Genome-wide data of the medieval and modern Rurikids unequivocally indicates that they belong to the N1a haplogroup of the Y chromosome, starting at least from the XI century (since the time of Prince Yaroslav the Wise). All the other alleged Rurikids, both ancient and modern, being carriers of other haplogroups (R1a, I2a), possess high heterogeneity of the sequence of Y chromosomes, meaning that we cannot confirm their common ancestry. The most probable ancestors of Prince Dmitry Alexandrovich in the male line were the men who left the burial ground Bolshoy Oleny Island on the coast of the Kola Peninsula about 3,600 years ago. The reconstruction of the genome of Prince Dmitry Alexandrovich indicates the contribution of three ancestral components to his origin: (1) the early medieval population of the east of Scandinavia from the island of Oland, (2) representatives of the steppe nomadic peoples of the Eurasian steppes of the Iron Age or the early medieval population of central Europe (steppe nomads from the territory of Hungary), and (3) the ancient East-Eurasian component. Reliable statistics were also obtained when the Scandinavians were replaced with the Medieval Russian Slavic populations of the XI century. Thus, for the first time, we have shown the complex nature of interethnic interactions in the formation of the nobility of medieval Rus on the example of the ancient Rurikid.

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“…The Samoyedic-speaking populations inhabit the northernmost region of Siberia (Nganasans, Enets, and Nenets) as well as the Yenisei River basin to the south (Selkups). Although ancient genomes have been only scarcely reported in these regions, the Siberian ancestry was present in a larger area in the past, including early Metal Age individuals from Bolshoy Oleni Ostrov in the Kola Peninsula, Iron Age individuals from the eastern Baltic Sea, and Iron Age individuals from the Volga–Oka interfluve ( Lamnidis et al 2018 ; Saag et al 2019 ; Peltola et al 2023 ). Together with the genetic analysis of present-day populations, these studies suggest that the populations with the Siberian ancestry once occupied a large area in Siberia and northeastern Europe and formed a substratum for the genetic profile of present-day populations in the regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructing the Genetic Relationship between Ancient and Present-Day Siberian Populations

Gill,

Lee,

Jeong

2024

Genome Biology and Evolution

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Human populations across a vast area in northern Eurasia, from Fennoscandia to Chukotka, share a distinct genetic component often referred to as the Siberian ancestry. Most enriched in present-day Samoyedic-speaking populations such as Nganasans, its origins and history still remain elusive despite the growing list of ancient and present-day genomes from Siberia. Here we reanalyze published ancient and present-day Siberian genomes focusing on the Baikal and Yakutia, resolving key questions regarding their genetic history. First, we show a long-term presence of a unique genetic profile in southern Siberia, up to 6,000 years ago, which distinctly shares a deep ancestral connection with Native Americans. Second, we provide plausible historical models tracing genetic changes in West Baikal and Yakutia in fine resolution. Third, the Middle Neolithic individual from Yakutia, belonging to the Belkachi culture, serves as the best source so far available for the spread of the Siberian ancestry into Fennoscandia and Greenland. These findings shed light on the genetic legacy of the Siberian ancestry and provide insights into the complex interplay between different populations in northern Eurasia throughout history.

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Genetic admixture and language shift in the medieval Volga-Oka interfluve

Cited by 9 publications

References 60 publications

Poseidon – A framework for archaeogenetic human genotype data management

Poseidon – A framework for archaeogenetic human genotype data management

The Rurikids: The First Experience of Reconstructing the Genetic Portrait of the Ruling Family of Medieval Rus’ Based on Paleogenomic Data

Reconstructing the Genetic Relationship between Ancient and Present-Day Siberian Populations

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