Ideals and beliefs are the spiritual pillars of a country, nation and political party. Firm ideals and beliefs are a fundamental issue concerning the spiritual strength and future destiny of Marxist political parties and socialist countries. In this paper, we refer to the relevant studies on the development of ideal belief education from the perspective of Marxist philosophy and design a questionnaire on the degree of ideal belief education and the quality level of students. After counting the data collected from the questionnaire, Pearson’s correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis are used to investigate the influence of the degree of ideal belief education on the quality level of students from the perspective of Marxist philosophy. The results show that the scores of the degree of development of scientific and cultural quality education, meaning of life education and faith education in ideal belief education in the investigated colleges and universities are all slightly higher than the average level. There is a significant positive correlation (r=0.304-0.867) between the development of ideal belief education and the various qualities of students as well as between the dimensions, and it is found that the degree of development of ideal belief education explains 55.7% and 56.8% of the variance of the students’ ability quality and physical and mental quality, which proves the importance of the development of ideal belief education. Colleges and universities should continuously summarize their experience, improve their weaknesses, and adjust their strategies in the future to implement the ideal educational approach for college students.