Genetic analysis of ageing: role of oxidative damage and environmental stresses

Martin, George M.; Austad, Steven N.; Johnson, Thomas E.

doi:10.1038/ng0596-25

Cited by 625 publications

(332 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…In accordance with this theory, extended longevity is frequently associated with an enhanced resistance to stress (Martin et al, 1996). A positive correlation between lifespan and antioxidant capacity has been reported in yeast, Neurospora, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and mammals (Fleming et al, 1992;Jazwinski, 1996;Kennedy et al, 1995;Lithgow and Kirkwood, 1996;Martin et al, 1996;Tower, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…A positive correlation between lifespan and antioxidant capacity has been reported in yeast, Neurospora, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and mammals (Fleming et al, 1992;Jazwinski, 1996;Kennedy et al, 1995;Lithgow and Kirkwood, 1996;Martin et al, 1996;Tower, 1996). Critical support for the idea that stress tolerance is related to extended life-span comes from the observation that most C. elegans longevity mutants are resistant to oxidative stress, thermal stress, and UV irradiation with the degree of tolerance often being proportional to the extention of life-span (Murakami and Johnson, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to this theory, ageing-associated loss of functional capacity is a direct result of the deleterious effects of free radical reactions (Harman, 1956). Indeed, a substantial body of evidence demonstrates that free radical reactions contribute to the degradation of biological systems (Harman, 1981;Martin et al, 1996;Sohal and Weindruch, 1996;Stadtman, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxidative stress tolerance and longevity in Arabidopsis: the late‐flowering mutant gigantea is tolerant to paraquat

et al. 1998

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SummaryRecent genetic analyses of longevity in animals have revealed that long-lived strains are more tolerant to environmental stresses. To investigate whether extended longevity in Arabidopsis also correlates with an increase in stress tolerance, the response was tested of 11 lateflowering mutants to the superoxide radical-generating herbicide paraquat. A tight correlation between flowering time and paraquat tolerance was found when plants were exposed to low doses of herbicide. Furthermore, the mutant gigantea (gi-3) with the longest delay in flowering time had a high tolerance level to paraquat-induced oxidative stress. All the tested gi alleles had an increased tolerance to paraquat toxicity compared to wild-type, although the actual levels of tolerance differed. In addition, the gi-3 mutant was more tolerant to hydrogen peroxide. These results suggest that the link between longevity and oxidative stress resistance in plants is similar to that found in animals, implying that this phenomenon may be general for all aerobic organisms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxidative stress tolerance and longevity in Arabidopsis: the late‐flowering mutant gigantea is tolerant to paraquat

et al. 1998

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“…In the simplest of evolutionary terms, organismal senescence can be viewed as the result of declining natural selection with advancing age after puberty (Charlesworth 1980;Rose 1991;Partridge and Barton 1993;Martin et al 1996;Kirkwood and Austad 2000). Evolutionary biology also provides a particular set of intellectual and experimental tools for probing the physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms responsible for organismal aging.…”

Section: Comparative Methods and The Biology Of Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative and alternative approaches and novel animal models for aging research

Holmes

Kristan

2008

AGE

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This special issue of AGE showcases powerful alternative or unconventional approaches to basic aging research, including the use of exceptionally long-lived animal model species and comparative methods from evolutionary biology. In this opening paper, we introduce several of these alternative aging research themes, including the comparative phylogenetic approach. This approach applies modern inferential methods for dissecting basic physiological and biochemical mechanisms correlated with phenotypic traits including longevity, slow aging, sustained somatic maintenance, and repair of molecular damage. Comparative methods can be used to assess the general relevance of specific aging mechanismsincluding oxidative processes-to diverse animal species, as well as to assess their potential clinical relevance to humans and other mammals. We also introduce several other novel, underexploited approaches with particular relevance to biogerontology, including the use of model animal species or strains that retain natural genetic heterogeneity, studies of effects of infectious disease and parasites on aging and responses to caloric restriction, studies of reproductive aging, and naturally occurring sex differences in aging. We emphasize the importance of drawing inferences from aging phenomena in laboratory studies that can be applied to clinically relevant aging syndromes in long-lived, outbred animals, including humans.

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“…It extends life-span, but confers no particular resistance to environmental stress factors at all. The genes RAS1-2 do give resistance to the ionizing effects of UV irradiation (Sun et al, 1992; Kale and Jazwinski, 1997) , while SIR-4 creates resistance to heat shock, ethanol and starvation (Kennedy et al, 1995;Martin et al, 1996).…”

Section: The Effects Of Experimentally Varied Ros Levels In Model Sysmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of metabolism in aging

Luckinbill

Foley

2000

AGE

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Metabolism appears to play a significant role in determining the rate of aging. Long-lived mutants and selected stocks of model experimental organisms exhibit characteristic changes in life history and physiological features consistent with altered metabolism. Specifically, these include the accumulation of metabolite pools of glycogen, lipid and polyhedric alcohols, suggesting that prolonged life is associated with restriction of the flow of carbon through glycolysis. Limiting carbon flow by reducing caloric intake is well known to extend life. Studies examining the mRNA expression pattern of functional gene groups generally indicate that nutrient restriction does affect metabolism. One study of Drosophila melanogaster has demonstrated that the flux of carbon through glycolysis is reduced in larvae of selected long-lived populations.Here we propose a new hypothesis describing the interaction between the glycation process, glucose level, damage by free oxygen radicals and chaperonin proteins. Intermediate steps of the Maillard Reaction produce free radicals, similar to those produced during respiration, that also damage lipids, proteins and DNA. Antioxidant enzymes themselves can be inactivated by glycation. This establishes a positive feed-back between the rate of metabolism, glucose availability and damage by free oxygen radicals. The high levels of available glucose in ad libitum feeding should add to production of radicals, reduce levels of protective antioxidants and proportionally increase damage by free radicals. Thus, caloric restriction should lower available glucose, increase the level of antioxidants and thereby slow the rate of aging. Chaperonins act to block glycation, reducing its negative effect on antioxidant enzymes release and contribution of free radicals.

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Genetic analysis of ageing: role of oxidative damage and environmental stresses

Cited by 625 publications

References 123 publications

Oxidative stress tolerance and longevity in Arabidopsis: the late‐flowering mutant gigantea is tolerant to paraquat

Oxidative stress tolerance and longevity in Arabidopsis: the late‐flowering mutant gigantea is tolerant to paraquat

Comparative and alternative approaches and novel animal models for aging research

The role of metabolism in aging

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