Specific locus tests of the effects of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) on mouse spermatogonia using visible loci and hemoglobin beta-chain (Hbb) locus have been performed.Male wild-type (C3Hf/He) mice were injected intraperitoneally with ENU. Eight weeks after injection, the males were mated with tester strain females (PW) homozygous for six visible recessive genes. Ten visible and 2 hemoglobin mutants were obtained.The mutation frequency was 60.3 x 10-5/locus/generation. These mutations were all heritable, and nine out of ten mutations were viable under homozygous conditions. The results suggest that the mutations induced by ENU on spermatogonia of mice might have resulted from events at the genic rather than the chromosomal level.