Genetic analysis of ciliates living on the groundwater amphipod <i>Crangonyx islandicus</i> (Amphipoda: Crangonyctidae)

Guðmundsdóttir, Ragnhildur; Kornobis, Étienne; Kristjánsson, Bjarni K.; Pálsson, Snæbjörn

doi:10.1111/azo.12204

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Geological forces, volcanic activity, isostatic rebound as well as underground rivers and springs in the rift zone generate specific niches for the Icelandic biota (Gudmundsdóttir, Kornobis, Kristjánsson, & Pálsson, ; Kornobis, Pálsson, Kristjánsson, & Svavarsson, ; Kristjánsson et al, ; Marteinsson et al, ), but also perturb them. Lake Þingvallavatn formed ~10,000 years ago but resides in a geologically active rift zone, with the most recent eruption ~2000 years ago (Saemundsson, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive genetic differentiation between recently evolved sympatric Arctic charr morphs

Guðbrandsson

Kapralova

Franzdóttir

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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The availability of diverse ecological niches can promote adaptation of trophic specializations and related traits, as has been repeatedly observed in evolutionary radiations of freshwater fish. The role of genetics, environment, and history in ecologically driven divergence and adaptation, can be studied on adaptive radiations or populations showing ecological polymorphism. Salmonids, especially the Salvelinus genus, are renowned for both phenotypic diversity and polymorphism. Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) invaded Icelandic streams during the glacial retreat (about 10,000 years ago) and exhibits many instances of sympatric polymorphism. Particularly, well studied are the four morphs in Lake Þingvallavatn in Iceland. The small benthic (SB), large benthic (LB), planktivorous (PL), and piscivorous (PI) charr differ in many regards, including size, form, and life history traits. To investigate relatedness and genomic differentiation between morphs, we identified variable sites from RNA‐sequencing data from three of those morphs and verified 22 variants in population samples. The data reveal genetic differences between the morphs, with the two benthic morphs being more similar and the PL‐charr more genetically different. The markers with high differentiation map to all linkage groups, suggesting ancient and pervasive genetic separation of these three morphs. Furthermore, GO analyses suggest differences in collagen metabolism, odontogenesis, and sensory systems between PL‐charr and the benthic morphs. Genotyping in population samples from all four morphs confirms the genetic separation and indicates that the PI‐charr are less genetically distinct than the other three morphs. The genetic separation of the other three morphs indicates certain degree of reproductive isolation. The extent of gene flow between the morphs and the nature of reproductive barriers between them remain to be elucidated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive genetic differentiation between recently evolved sympatric Arctic charr morphs

Guðbrandsson

Kapralova

Franzdóttir

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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show abstract

“…Geological forces, volcanic activity, isostatic rebound as well as underground rivers and springs in the rift-zone generate specific niches for the Icelandic biota (Kornobis et al 2010;Kristjánsson et al 2012;Marteinsson et al 2013;Gudmundsdóttir et al 2017), but also perturb them. Lake Þingvallavatn formed ∼10,000 years ago but resides in a geologically active rift zone, with the most recent eruption ∼2000 years ago (Saemundsson 1992).…”

Section: Genetic Separation Of Recently Evolved Sympatric Morphsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive genetic differentiation between recently evolved sympatric Arctic charr morphs

Guðbrandsson

Kapralova

Franzdóttir

et al. 2018

Preprint

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The availability of diverse ecological niches can promote adaptation of trophic specializations and related traits, as has been repeatedly observed in evolutionary radiations of freshwater fish. The role of genetics, environment and history in ecologically driven divergence and adaptation, can be studied on adaptive radiations or populations showing ecological polymorphism. Salmonids, especially the Salvelinus genus, are renowned for both phenotypic diversity and polymorphism. Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) invaded Icelandic streams during the glacial retreat (about 10,000 years ago) and exhibits many instances of sympatric polymorphism. Particularly well studied are the four morphs in Lake Þingvallavatn in Iceland. The small benthic (SB), large benthic (LB), planktivorous (PL) and piscivorous (PI) charr differ in many regards, including size, form and life history traits. To investigate relatedness and genomic differentiation between morphs we identified variable sites from RNA-sequencing data from three of those morphs, and verified 22 variants in population samples. The data reveal genetic differences between the morphs, with the two benthic morphs being more similar and the PL-charr more genetically different. The markers with high differentiation map to all linkage groups, suggesting ancient and pervasive genetic separation of these three morphs. Furthermore, GO analyses suggest differences in collagen metabolism, odontogenesis and sensory systems between PL-charr and the benthic morphs. Genotyping in population samples from all four morphs confirms the genetic separation and indicates that the PI-charr are less genetically distinct than the other three morphs. The genetic separation of the other three morphs indicates certain degree of reproductive isolation. The extent of gene flow between the morphs and the nature of reproductive barriers between them remain to be elucidated.

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“…Apostome ciliates are exuvitrophic or parasitoids of invertebrates, mainly crustaceans, and were described previously from marine and freshwater amphipods (e.g. Bradbury 2005, Chantangsi et al 2013, Gudmundsdóttir et al 2018, Lynn and Strüder-Kypke 2019. Apostome ciliates were also detected in groundwater habitats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neoniphargus moniezi, Ginet 1988) (Bradbury 1994). Gudmundsdóttir et al (2018) isolated five different sequences of apostome ciliates from the groundwater amphipods Crangonyx islandicus and Crymostygius thingvallensis from Iceland. Interestingly, the ciliate sequence from the present study was most similar (98.5%) to an apostome ciliate from the marine amphipod Gymnodinioides pitelkae (Bradbury 2005), probably due to the lack of related sequence information from freshwater species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Updates to the sporadic knowledge on microsporidian infections in groundwater amphipods (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Niphargidae)

Grabner¹,

Weber²,

Weigand³

2020

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A set of 69 specimens from 19 groundwater species of the genera Niphargus, Niphargellus, Microniphargus and Crangonyx was genetically screened for microsporidian infections. Samples mostly originated from groundwater-dependent spring environments (71%), natural caves (9%) and artificial caverns/tunnels (13%). Amphipod hosts were identified by morphology and/or molecular data, whereas microsporidian parasites were characterised by a genetic screening assay targeting a section of the small subunit rRNA gene. Five microsporidian species (Dictyocoela duebenum; Nosema sp.; Hyperspora aquatica and two undescribed Microsporidium spp.) were revealed from 13 host specimens (Niphargus schellenbergi; N. aquilex lineages B, F and G; Niphargellus arndti). In particular N. schellenbergi was frequently infected with D. duebenum as well as a new and potentially niphargid-specific Nosema sp. identified in Niphargellus arndti. Our results shed further light on the still largely unknown diversity and specificity of microsporidian parasites in groundwater amphipods and subterranean animals in general.

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Genetic analysis of ciliates living on the groundwater amphipod Crangonyx islandicus (Amphipoda: Crangonyctidae)

Cited by 8 publications

References 56 publications

Extensive genetic differentiation between recently evolved sympatric Arctic charr morphs

Extensive genetic differentiation between recently evolved sympatric Arctic charr morphs

Extensive genetic differentiation between recently evolved sympatric Arctic charr morphs

Updates to the sporadic knowledge on microsporidian infections in groundwater amphipods (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Niphargidae)

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