Genetic analysis of photoperiod sensitivity in a tropical by temperate maize recombinant inbred population using molecular markers

Wang, C. L.; Cheng, Fei; Sun, Zhaohui; Tang, Jihua; Wu, Liuji; Ku, Lixia; Chen, Y. H.

doi:10.1007/s00122-008-0851-y

Cited by 38 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The QTL explaining the most variation and expressing the strongest allele effects mapped to chromosome 10 ( Figs. 1 and 2); the importance of this region has been observed consistently across maize photoperiod mapping studies (12,18,19). Alleles at this locus have highly heterogeneous effects, even within the tropical subgroup of founder lines ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

ZmCCT and the genetic basis of day-length adaptation underlying the postdomestication spread of maize

Hung

Shannon

Tian

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

307

354

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Teosinte, the progenitor of maize, is restricted to tropical environments in Mexico and Central America. The pre-Columbian spread of maize from its center of origin in tropical Southern Mexico to the higher latitudes of the Americas required postdomestication selection for adaptation to longer day lengths. Flowering time of teosinte and tropical maize is delayed under long day lengths, whereas temperate maize evolved a reduced sensitivity to photoperiod. We measured flowering time of the maize nested association and diverse association mapping panels in the field under both short and long day lengths, and of a maize-teosinte mapping population under long day lengths. Flowering time in maize is a complex trait affected by many genes and the environment. Photoperiod response is one component of flowering time involving a subset of flowering time genes whose effects are strongly influenced by day length. Genome-wide association and targeted high-resolution linkage mapping identified ZmCCT, a homologue of the rice photoperiod response regulator Ghd7, as the most important gene affecting photoperiod response in maize. Under long day lengths ZmCCT alleles from diverse teosintes are consistently expressed at higher levels and confer later flowering than temperate maize alleles. Many maize inbred lines, including some adapted to tropical regions, carry ZmCCT alleles with no sensitivity to day length. Indigenous farmers of the Americas were remarkably successful at selecting on genetic variation at key genes affecting the photoperiod response to create maize varieties adapted to vastly diverse environments despite the hindrance of the geographic axis of the Americas and the complex genetic control of flowering time.genetic diversity | quantitative trait locus T he rapid spread of agriculture from the Fertile Crescent was enabled in part by the East-West axis of Eurasia, permitting crop cultivation to spread across large geographic regions at a common latitude (1). The relatively simple genetic control of flowering time of the key crops domesticated in the Fertile Crescent, wheat and barley (2), coupled with a predominantly selffertilizing mating system, also facilitated colonization of new environments by rare mutants with large effects on flowering time responses to day length and temperature.In contrast, the spread of maize from its origin in Southern Mexico 6 to 10,000 y ago was relatively slow (1), hindered by the North-South axis of the Americas. Maize (Zea mays L. subsp. mays) was domesticated from the Mexican native teosinte Zea mays L. subsp. parviglumis (3), a species adapted to day lengths less than 13 h. Under the longer day lengths of higher latitudes, teosinte flowers very late or not at all (4). From its Meso-American origin, maize was spread by early humans to geographically and ecologically diverse environments from Canada to Chile well before the arrival of Columbus to the Americas (5, 6), requiring its adaptation to long day lengths. Thus, although the spread of maize occurred later than that of wheat, ...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

ZmCCT and the genetic basis of day-length adaptation underlying the postdomestication spread of maize

Hung

Shannon

Tian

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

307

354

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Several large-effect QTLs for local adaptation (53)(54)(55)(56) and domestication traits (44) have been localized to the vicinity of bin 10.04 on chromosome 10. These studies suggest that recent positive selection for domestication and adaptation traits may have played an important role in shaping patterns of genetic diversity in this region.…”

Section: Selection On Chromosome 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking footprints of maize domestication and evidence for a massive selective sweep on chromosome 10

Tian

Stevens

Buckler

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

134

121

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Maize domestication is one of the greatest feats of artificial selection and evolution, wherein a weedy plant in Central Mexico was converted through human-mediated selection into the most productive crop in the world. In fact, the changes were so astounding that it took much of the last century to identify modern maize's true ancestor. Through modern genetic studies, the molecular basis of this evolution is being unraveled. Maize's new morphology and adaptation to diverse environments required selection at thousands of loci, and we are beginning to understand the magnitude and rates of these genetic changes. Most of the known major genes have experienced strong selection, but only small regions surrounding the selected genes exhibit substantially reduced genetic diversity. Here, we report the discovery of a large region on chromosome 10 involved in adaptation or domestication that has been the target of strong selection during maize domestication. Unlike previously described regions in the maize genome, 1.1 Mb and >15 genes lost genetic diversity during selection at this region. Finally, the prospects of a detailed understanding of maize evolution are discussed with consideration of both top-down and bottom-up approaches.Although man does not cause variability and cannot even prevent it, he can select, preserve, and accumulate the variations given to him by the hand of nature almost in any way that he chooses; and thus he can certainly produce a great result.Charles Darwin (1) W ith its meager ear containing only 2 entwined rows of well-armored kernels, teosinte grows on Mexican hillsides. This grass might easily have been overlooked were it not for its abundant variation, a gift not lost on early agriculturists. Within the last 10,000 years, early Native Americans were able to transform teosinte into a plant whose ears would feed the world. It was a transformation so striking and so complex that some researchers did not believe it was possible, leading to years of competing theories and intense debate. But as Darwin himself recognized, when the desires of humans meet the diversity of nature the result can indeed be astounding.The molecular revolution of the last 2 decades has provided compelling evidence that teosinte is the progenitor of modern maize. Here, we discuss the rich genetic diversity at the source of this morphological conversion and examine how human selection has impacted this diversity. One key question concerning maize domestication remains to be resolved: was maize domestication the result of selection on a small number of loci with large effects, a large number of loci with small effects, or both? Recent genetic evidence has provided clues about the relative contributions of large-effect and small-effect loci. We discuss how future studies will help unravel the mysteries surrounding maize domestication and how this information is key to future improvements of maize.

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“…However, few studies have dissected the genetic basis of natural variation in maize leaf number (Vlăduţu et al ., 1999; Wang et al ., 2008). By contrast, genetic studies of maize flowering time have been conducted intensively in biparental populations (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genetic architecture of leaf number and its genetic relationship to flowering time in maize

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2015

New Phytologist

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Summary The number of leaves and their distributions on plants are critical factors determining plant architecture in maize (Zea mays), and leaf number is frequently used as a measure of flowering time, a trait that is key to local environmental adaptation.Here, using a large set of 866 maize‐teosinte BC 2S3 recombinant inbred lines genotyped by using 19 838 single nucleotide polymorphism markers, we conducted a comprehensive genetic dissection to assess the genetic architecture of leaf number and its genetic relationship to flowering time.We demonstrated that the two components of total leaf number, the number of leaves above (LA) and below (LB) the primary ear, were under relatively independent genetic control and might be subject to differential directional selection during maize domestication and improvement. Furthermore, we revealed that flowering time and leaf number are commonly regulated at a moderate level. The pleiotropy of the genes ZCN8, dlf1 and ZmCCT on leaf number and flowering time were validated by near‐isogenic line analysis. Through fine mapping, qLA1‐1, a major‐effect locus that specifically affects LA, was delimited to a region with severe recombination suppression derived from teosinte.This study provides important insights into the genetic basis of traits affecting plant architecture and adaptation. The genetic independence of LA from LB enables the optimization of leaf number for ideal plant architecture breeding in maize.

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Genetic analysis of photoperiod sensitivity in a tropical by temperate maize recombinant inbred population using molecular markers

Cited by 38 publications

References 53 publications

ZmCCT and the genetic basis of day-length adaptation underlying the postdomestication spread of maize

ZmCCT and the genetic basis of day-length adaptation underlying the postdomestication spread of maize

Tracking footprints of maize domestication and evidence for a massive selective sweep on chromosome 10

The genetic architecture of leaf number and its genetic relationship to flowering time in maize

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