Genetic and antigenic divergence in the influenza A(H3N2) virus circulating between 2016 and 2017 in Thailand

Suntronwong, Nungruthai; Klinfueng, Sirapa; Vichiwattana, Preeyaporn; Korkong, Sumeth; Thongmee, Thanunrat; Vongpunsawad, Sompong; Poovorawan, Yong

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0189511

Cited by 22 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Influenza is prevalent throughout the year in some countries with tropical climate [6]. In Thailand, increased influenza activity appears biannually typically in the rainy (June-August) and cool (December-February) seasons [20,23,28]. Our multi-year study confirmed the substantial decrease in influenza activity following the relatively hot and dry month of May, which precedes the rainy season and coincides with the yearly recommended influenza vaccination period in Thailand [40,41].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…From January 2010 to December 2018, 30,852 nasopharyngeal or throat swab samples from patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) from Bangpakok 9 International Hospital (latitude 13.75˚N and 100.55˚E longitude) in Bangkok were analyzed as part of an ongoing influenza surveillance [23,28]. We defined ILI as fever >38˚C accompanied by cough and/or sore throat.…”

Section: Laboratory Testing Of Influenza Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, some studies in Indonesia, Singapore, and Vietnam reported no consistent pattern of influenza peak [17,21,22]. Circulating influenza virus strains in Southeast Asia have mostly been A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2), and influenza B virus [23]. Yet, few studies have examined in-depth the seasonality of influenza with local climates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate factors influence seasonal influenza activity in Bangkok, Thailand

et al. 2020

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Yearly increase in influenza activity is associated with cold and dry winter in the temperate regions, while influenza patterns in tropical countries vary significantly by regional climates and geographic locations. To examine the association between influenza activity in Thailand and local climate factors including temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall, we analyzed the influenza surveillance data from January 2010 to December 2018 obtained from a large private hospital in Bangkok. We found that approximately one in five influenza-like illness samples (21.6% or 6,678/30,852) tested positive for influenza virus. Influenza virus typing showed that 34.2% were influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, 46.0% were influenza A(H3N2), and 19.8% were influenza B virus. There were two seasonal waves of increased influenza activity. Peak influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 activity occurred in February and again in August, while influenza A(H3N2) and influenza B viruses were primarily detected in August and September. Time series analysis suggests that increased relative humidity was significantly associated with increased influenza activity in Bangkok. Months with peak influenza activity generally followed the most humid months of the year. We performed the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) multivariate analysis of all influenza activity on the 2011 to 2017 data to predict the influenza activity for 2018. The resulting model closely resembled the actual observed overall influenza detected that year. Consequently, the ability to predict seasonal pattern of influenza in a large tropical city such as Bangkok may enable better public health planning and underscores the importance of annual influenza vaccination prior to the rainy season.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Laboratory Testing Of Influenza Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate factors influence seasonal influenza activity in Bangkok, Thailand

et al. 2020

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“…Kilifi between 2009 and 2017 using full-length HA sequences. The presence of several antigenic site mutations among A(H3N2) virus strains circulating between 2009 and 17 influenza seasons confirms the continuing evolution of circulating strains in Kilifi, Kenya.Most of the amino acid variations associated with the continuing evolution of A(H3N2) viruses in Kilifi, Kenya have also been reported in other A(H3N2) viruses isolated in Africa, for example, in Cameroon36 and Mozambique,37 and in Asia, for example, in Thailand 38. Thus, the continuing evolution of A(H3N2) in Kilifi is inF I G U R E 3 A maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the HA gene segment for 66 KHDSS outpatient influenza A(H3N2) virus specimens collected from influenza surveillance in coastal Kenya, 2015-17.…”

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confidence: 69%

Genetic characterization of influenza A(H3N2) viruses circulating in coastal Kenya, 2009‐2017

Owuor

Ngoi

Otieno

et al. 2020

Influenza Resp Viruses

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Background: Influenza viruses evolve rapidly and undergo immune driven selection, especially in the hemagglutinin (HA) protein. We report amino acid changes affecting antigenic epitopes and receptor-binding sites of A(H3N2) viruses circulating in Kilifi, Kenya, from 2009 to 2017. Methods: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to generate A(H3N2) virus genomic data from influenza-positive specimens collected from hospital admissions and health facility outpatients presenting with acute respiratory illness to health facilities within the Kilifi Health and Demographic Surveillance System. Full-length HA sequences were utilized to characterize A(H3N2) virus genetic and antigenic changes.

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“…Thus, the mutation rate of the H3N2 viruses during the 2014–2016 epidemic seasons was much higher than that of the H1N1 viruses in China. Genetic surveillance of the H3N2 viruses from 2014 to 2016 indeed showed multiple substitutions in the antigenic sites and reassortant events worldwide ( Skowronski et al, 2016 ; Valenciano et al, 2016 ; Goldstein et al, 2017 ; Ma et al, 2017 ; Monamele et al, 2017 ; Suntronwong et al, 2017 ; Korsun et al, 2018 ). More importantly, the non-subtyped H3N2 strains using the Luminex RVP assay in this study were further subjected to genetic sequencing, and the occurrence of mutations and reassortment was verified (unpublished data, not shown).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multiplex Asymmetric Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay Combined With an Electrochemical DNA Sensor for Simultaneously Detecting and Subtyping Influenza A Viruses

Jiang

Zhu

et al. 2018

Front. Microbiol.

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The reliable and rapid detection of viral pathogens that cause respiratory infections provide physicians several advantages in treating patients and managing outbreaks. The Luminex respiratory virus panel (RVP) assay has been shown to be comparable to or superior to culture/direct fluorescent-antibody assays (DFAs) and nucleic acid tests that are used to diagnose respiratory viral infections. We developed a multiplex asymmetric reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assay that can simultaneously differentiate all influenza A virus epidemic subtypes. The amplified products were hybridized with an electrochemical DNA sensor, and the results were automatically acquired. The limits of detection (LoDs) of both the Luminex RVP assay and the multiplex RT-PCR-electrochemical DNA sensor were 101 TCID50 for H1N1 virus and 102 TCID50 for H3N2 virus. The specificity assessment of the multiplex RT-PCR-electrochemical DNA sensor showed no cross-reactivity among different influenza A subtypes or with other non-influenza respiratory viruses. In total, 3098 respiratory tract specimens collected from padiatric patients diagnosed with pneumonia were tested. More than half (43, 53.75%) of the specimens positive for influenza A viruses could not be further subtyped using the Luminex RVP assay. Among the remaining 15 specimens that were not subtyped, not degraded, and in sufficient amounts for the multiplex RT-PCR-electrochemical DNA sensor test, all (100%) were H3N2 positive. Therefore, the sensitivity of the Luminex RVP assay for influenza A virus was 46.25%, whereas the sensitivity of the multiplex RT-PCR-electrochemical DNA sensor for the clinical H1N1 and H3N2 specimens was 100%. The sensitivities of the multiplex RT-PCR-electrochemical DNA sensor for the avian H5N1, H5N6, H9N2, and H10N8 viruses were 100%, whereas that for H7N9 virus was 85.19%. We conclude that the multiplex RT-PCR-electrochemical DNA sensor is a reliable method for the rapid and accurate detection of highly variable influenza A viruses in respiratory infections with greater detection sensitivity than that of the Luminex xTAG assay. The high mutation rate of influenza A viruses, particularly H3N2 during the 2014 to 2016 epidemic seasons, has a strong impact on diagnosis. A study involving more positive specimens from all influenza A virus epidemic subtypes is required to fully assess the performance of the assay.

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Genetic and antigenic divergence in the influenza A(H3N2) virus circulating between 2016 and 2017 in Thailand

Cited by 22 publications

References 39 publications

Climate factors influence seasonal influenza activity in Bangkok, Thailand

Climate factors influence seasonal influenza activity in Bangkok, Thailand

Genetic characterization of influenza A(H3N2) viruses circulating in coastal Kenya, 2009‐2017

A Multiplex Asymmetric Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay Combined With an Electrochemical DNA Sensor for Simultaneously Detecting and Subtyping Influenza A Viruses

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