Genetic and antimicrobial resistance profiles of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli from different sources in Egypt

Abstract

Background The Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) represented a great risk to public health. In this study, 60 STEC strains recovered from broiler and duck fecal samples, cow’s milk, cattle beef, human urine, and ear discharge were screened for 12 virulence genes, phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance, and multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA). Results The majority of strains harbored Shiga toxin 1 (stx1) and stx1d, stx2 and stx2e, and ehxA genes, while a minority harbored stx2c subtype and eaeA. We identified 10 stx gene combinations; most of strains 31/60 (51.7%) exhibited four copies of stx genes, namely the stx1, stx1d, stx2, and stx2e, and the strains exhibited a high range of multiple antimicrobial resistance indices. The resistance genes blaCTX-M-1 and blaTEM were detected. For the oxytetracycline resistance genes, most of strains contained tetA, tetB, tetE, and tetG while the tetC was present at low frequency. MLVA genotyping resolved 26 unique genotypes; genotype 21 was highly prevalent. The six highly discriminatory loci DI = 0.9138 are suitable for the preliminary genotyping of STEC from animals and humans. Conclusions The STEC isolated from animals are virulent, resistant to antimicrobials, and genetically diverse, thus demands greater attention for the potential risk to human.

Prevalence and bacteriological identification of Escherichia coli isolated from bovine milk and workers’ urine in dairy farms

“…Younis et al (2021) from milk samples, whileHassan et al (2021) detected the O125 serogroup by a higher percentage (16.7%) from milk samples, but the detection rate of E. coli O125 in human urine samples in the present study was 1.7%, which is similar to results recorded byElsayed et al (2021), who detected the O125 strain in a ratio of 1.6% in human urine isolates. In current results, E. coli O157 was present in a lower proportion than other studies, the prevalence rate of this serotype was only (2.9%) in cow milk samples of Ethiopia(Disassa et al, 2017), (2.3%) in marketed raw cow milk samples in Nigeria (Ghali-Mohammed et al, 2023) and (11.33%) in student urine samples in Nigeria(Saidu and Ebiala, 2022).…”

Phenotypic and Genotypic Screening of Colistin Resistance Associated with Emerging Pathogenic Escherichia coli Isolated from Poultry

“…The investigated E. coli isolates displayed multidrug resistance behavior against the tested antibiotics with different patterns, as shown in Table 2. The high resistance to clindamycin, tetracycline, streptomycin, ampicillin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim was mentioned in other reports [18,20,22,[25][26][27].…”

Escherichia coli Mastitis in Dairy Cattle: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Challenges

“…For example, approximately 30% of clinical mastitis samples do not grow in bacterial culture ( Taponen et al, 2009 ); however, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is sensitive to detect growth-inhibited and reduces false-negative results ( El-Sayed et al, 2017 ). Other molecular typing methods used for the identification of bovine mastitis pathogen at the species level include ribotyping ( Zadoks et al, 2011 ) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) ( Leung et al, 2004 ); at the strain level, include restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) ( Ombarak et al, 2018 ), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing ( Freitag et al, 2017 ), and multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) ( Elsayed et al, 2021 ); and at both species and strain levels include transfer DNA intergenic spacer length polymorphism ( Chakraborty et al, 2019 ) and DNA sequencing of housekeeping genes ( Ali et al, 2017 ). Another genotypic method is microarray technology, which can detect seven common species of mastitis-causing pathogens in as little as 6 h, with a sensitivity of 94.1% and a specificity of 100% ( Lee et al, 2008 ).…”