Genetic and biological characterization of two novel reassortant H5N6 swine influenza viruses in mice and chickens

Li, Xuyong; Fu, Yue; Yang, Jiayun; Guo, Jing; He, Jijun; Guo, Jianpeng; Weng, Shaoting; Jia, Yushan; Liu, Bin; Li, Xiaoyang; Zhu, Qing; Chen, Hualan

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2015.08.017

Cited by 46 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Recently, a novel AIV type-H5N6 -was isolated in Asia and was initially identified as a reassortant between H5N1 and H6N6 viruses (5)(6)(7). This virus has caused more than 10 human deaths since 2014 (8; http://www.who.int/csr/don/archive/country/chn/en/).…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular Evolution and Emergence of H5N6 Avian Influenza Virus in Central China

Chen

Yang

et al. 2017

J Virol

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H5N6 avian influenza virus (AIV) has posed a potential threat to public health since its emergence in China in 2013. To understand the evolution and emergence of H5N6 AIV in the avian population, we performed molecular surveillance of live poultry markets (LPMs) in Wugang Prefecture, Hunan Province, in central China, during 2014 and 2015. Wugang Prefecture is located on the Eastern Asian-Australian migratory bird flyway, and a human death due to an H5N6 virus was reported in the prefecture on 21 November 2016. In total, we sampled and sequenced the complete genomes of 175 H5N6 AIVs. Notably, our analysis revealed that H5N6 AIVs contain at least six genotypes arising from segment reassortment, including a rare variant that possesses an HA gene derived from H5N1 clade 2.3.2 and a novel NP gene that has its origins with H7N3 viruses. In addition, phylogenetic analysis revealed that genetically similar H5N6 AIVs tend to cluster according to their geographic regions of origin. These results help to reveal the evolutionary behavior of influenza viruses prior to their emergence in humans.IMPORTANCE The newly emerged H5N6 influenza A virus has caused more than 10 human deaths in China since 2013. In November 2016, a human death due to an H5N6 virus, in Wugang Prefecture, Hunan Province, was confirmed by the WHO. To better understand the evolution and emergence of H5N6 viruses, we surveyed live poultry markets (LPMs) in Wugang Prefecture before the reported human death, with a focus on revealing the diversity and genomic origins of H5N6 in birds during 2014 and 2015. In general, H5N6 viruses in this region were most closely related to H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4, with the exception of one virus with an HA gene derived from clade 2.3.2 such that it represents a novel reassortant. Clearly, the ongoing surveillance of LPMs is central to monitoring the emergence of pathogenic influenza viruses.

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confidence: 99%

Molecular Evolution and Emergence of H5N6 Avian Influenza Virus in Central China

Chen

Yang

et al. 2017

J Virol

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“…H5N2 and H5N6 viruses are known to have increased virulence and replication efficiency in mice (Li et al, 2014, 2015). In our study, rH5N1, rH5N6, ΔrH5N6, and rH5N8 were highly virulent, while rH5N2 showed moderate virulence in mice (Katz et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Characterizations of H5Nx Avian Influenza Viruses Embodying Different Neuraminidases

Zhang

et al. 2017

Front. Microbiol.

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The H5 subtype virus of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus has caused huge economic losses to the poultry industry and is a threat to human health. Until 2010, H5N1 subtype virus was the major genotype in China. Since 2011, reassortant H5N2, H5N6, and H5N8 viruses were identified in domestic poultry in China. The clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 and H5N8 AIV has now spread to most of China. Clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 virus has caused 17 human deaths. However, the prevalence, pathogenicity, and transmissibility of the distinct NA reassortment with H5 subtypes viruses (H5Nx) is unknown. We constructed five clade 2.3.4.4 reassortant H5Nx viruses that shared the same HA and six internal gene segments. The NA gene segment was replaced with N1, N2, N6, ΔN6 (with an 11 amino acid deletion at the 58th to 68th of NA stalk region), and N8 strains, respectively. The reassortant viruses with distinct NAs of clade 2.3.4.4 H5 subtype had different degrees of fitness. All reassortant H5Nx viruses formed plaques on MDCK cell monolayers, but the ΔH5N6 grew more efficiently in mammalian and avian cells. The reassortant H5Nx viruses were more virulent in mice as compared to the H5N2 virus. The H5N6 and H5N8 reassortant viruses exhibited enhanced pathogenicity and transmissibility in chickens as compared to the H5N1 reassortant virus. We suggest that comprehensive surveillance work should be undertaken to monitor the H5Nx viruses.

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“…Studies have shown that viruses isolated in China show low to high pathogenicity in chickens; mild to high virulence in ducks; and moderate to highly pathogenicity in mammals (virulence differs among different virus strains) [63,69,[131][132][133][134][135] (Table 1). However, viruses isolated from other countries, such as South Korea, the USA and some European countries, exhibited low to moderate virulence in mammals [148,151,156,157] (Table 1). In addition, although these viruses are highly pathogenic in chickens, some of them show lower transmissibility and pathogenicity than those of previously-isolated H5N1 HPAIVs [62,63,131,151,158] .…”

Section: Pathogenicity Of Haivsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, viruses isolated from other countries, such as South Korea, the USA and some European countries, exhibited low to moderate virulence in mammals [148,151,156,157] (Table 1). In addition, although these viruses are highly pathogenic in chickens, some of them show lower transmissibility and pathogenicity than those of previously-isolated H5N1 HPAIVs [62,63,131,151,158] . It seems likely that because of the extensive genetic divergence and reassortment between other subtypes, influenza viruses undergo genetic evolution and a change of virulence in the host.…”

Section: Pathogenicity Of Haivsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zhang et al have shown that most of the H9N2 viruses isolated before 2000 fail to be transmitted efficiently to aerosol contact groups of chickens [66] . However, a number of viruses isolated from 2001 onwards not only replicate efficiently in the infected chickens but also transmit [56] Low to high [120,123,136,137] Low to high [56,136] Variability of virulence in migratory waterfowl [138] ; Lethal to quails [139,140] , budgerigars [140] , geese [141] , cats [8,142] , tigers [9,11] and dogs [10] ; Nonlethal to guineapigs [143] , pigs [140,144] and pigeons [121,145] H5N2 Low to high [63] ; High [146,147] Low to high [63] Low to moderate [148] ; Moderate [146] Nonlethal to dogs [149] H5N5 High [62,131] Mild to moderate [131] Moderate [62,131] / H5N6 High [133,134,150] / Low [151] ; Moderate [133] Lethal to cats and swan geese [132] ; Lethal to human [152] H5N8 High [131] ; Low [153] Moderate …”

Section: Transmission Of the H9n2 Aivsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endemicity of H9N2 and H5N1 avian influenza viruses in poultry in China poses a serious threat to poultry industry and public health

Hu¹,

Liu²

2016

Front. Agr. Sci. Eng.

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Genetic and biological characterization of two novel reassortant H5N6 swine influenza viruses in mice and chickens

Cited by 46 publications

References 29 publications

Molecular Evolution and Emergence of H5N6 Avian Influenza Virus in Central China

Molecular Evolution and Emergence of H5N6 Avian Influenza Virus in Central China

Biological Characterizations of H5Nx Avian Influenza Viruses Embodying Different Neuraminidases

Endemicity of H9N2 and H5N1 avian influenza viruses in poultry in China poses a serious threat to poultry industry and public health

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