Genetic and Environmental Aspects of Fruiting in Schizophyllum commune Fr.

Raper, John R.; Krongelb, Gladys S.

doi:10.2307/3756180

Cited by 63 publications

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“…The cultures showed a cottony white mycelium with small knots of compressed hyphae 5 to 10 mm in diameter, described as "haploid fruiting" by Raper and Krongelb (22) (Fig. 1a).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Development of Molecular Methods for Identification of Schizophyllum commune from Clinical Samples

et al. 2001

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In the last 50 years, to our knowledge, only 16 cases of diseases caused by Schizophyllum commune in humans have been reported. Within only 6 months, we found four isolates of this basidiomycetous fungus, obtained from patients suffering from chronic sinusitis. The cultures of the isolated fungi showed neither clamp connections nor fruiting bodies (basidiocarps), which are distinctive features for S. commune, but fast-growing cottony white mycelium only. This was harvested, and DNA was extracted. The internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was amplified with fungus-specific primers, and the PCR products were sequenced. Two strains of S. commune, collected from branches of a European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) and a tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima), respectively; four specimens from the herbarium of the Institute of Botany, Karl-Franzens-University Graz; and two strains from internationally known culture collections (CBS 340.81 [ATCC 44201] and CBS 405.96) were investigated in the same way. The sequence data of all strains were compared and showed homology of over 99% in this 660-bp-long fragment of rDNA. With these results, a map of restriction enzyme cutting sites and a primer set specific for S. commune were created for reliable identification of this human pathogenic fungus.Compared to the great number of ascomycetous fungi which are the cause of many diseases, filamentous basidiomycetes that cause infections are reported rarely in the medical literature. Schizophyllum commune Fries 1821 (Schizophyllaceae, Aphyllophorales) is one of them and has been described elsewhere as a suspected cause of onychomycosis (16), basidioneuromycosis (2), an allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis (12), mucoid impaction of the bronchi (1, 5), a fungus ball in the lung (27), an ulcerative lesion of the hard palate (23), a brain abscess (24), and several cases of both maxillary and allergic fungal sinusitis (4,6,14,18,25,28,29). A review of cases has been published by Kamei et al. (13). This worldwide-distributed shelf fungus is found quite frequently in nature throughout the year, although it mostly appears during the cold season (22). The commonly known split-gill fungus is found on decaying wood, where it appears with sessile fan-or kidney-shaped fruiting bodies. Typical for S. commune is the hymenium on the lower side, which consists of longitudinally split gills (lamellae), where masses of basidiospores are produced and released into the air. The fungus is easy to cultivate on most of the media generally used in clinical laboratories. The appearance of fruiting bodies, hyphal clamp connections, and spicules makes identification easy. Nevertheless, monokaryotic clinical isolates lack these unambiguous features, and the mycelium shows up only as a cottony white mass of hyphae without any distinctive marks. In these cases, the fungus is often identified as "Mycelia Sterilia" or misidentified as an ascomycete. In the last few years, many molecular methods, such as PCR, sequencing of segments of the genome,...

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“…The cultures showed a cottony white mycelium with small knots of compressed hyphae 5 to 10 mm in diameter, described as "haploid fruiting" by Raper and Krongelb (22) (Fig. 1a).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…A review of cases has been published by Kamei et al (13). This worldwide-distributed shelf fungus is found quite frequently in nature throughout the year, although it mostly appears during the cold season (22). The commonly known split-gill fungus is found on decaying wood, where it appears with sessile fan-or kidney-shaped fruiting bodies.…”

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confidence: 99%

Development of Molecular Methods for Identification of Schizophyllum commune from Clinical Samples

et al. 2001

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“…This variation has a genetic basis (Raper and Krongelb, 1958). To avoid problems due to infertility, all strains were crossed to A41.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The exchange of genes between nuclei of a dikaryon

Crowe

1960

Heredity

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“…Many morphological mutants or genetic variants have been induced or isolated from nature, especially in Coprinus (= Coprinopsis) cinereus and Schizophyllum commune (Raper and Krongelb, 1958;Takemaru and Kamada, 1972;Kanda and Ishikawa, 1986;Kanda et al, 1989). Such mutants can be used to establish developmental pathways (Esser et al, 1977;Moore, 1981) and to make detailed studies of particular phenotypes (Kamada and Takemaru, 1977a,b;Kanda et al, 1990;Boulianne et al, 2000;Lu et al, 2003).…”

Section: Plasticity In Formmentioning

confidence: 99%

Principles of Mushroom Developmental Biology

Moore

2005

Int J Med Mushr

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ABSTRACT:Research done over the last century has persistently indicated major diff erences between fungi, animals, and plants. Unfortunately, for most of that time fungi have been considered, quite erroneously, to be closely related to plants; as observations have been constrained to comply with this fundamental error, a proper appreciation of fungal developmental biology has been seriously inhibited. During the fi nal quarter of the 20t century, the phylogenetic status of the true fungi as an independent Kingdom of eukaryotes became clear. In this review, I bring together some of the observations, old and recent, that contribute to our current understanding of the way that fungi construct multicellular structures.

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Genetic and Environmental Aspects of Fruiting in Schizophyllum commune Fr.

Cited by 63 publications

References 0 publications

Development of Molecular Methods for Identification of Schizophyllum commune from Clinical Samples

Development of Molecular Methods for Identification of Schizophyllum commune from Clinical Samples

The exchange of genes between nuclei of a dikaryon

Principles of Mushroom Developmental Biology

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