Genetic and Environmental Effects on Oculometric Traits

Teikari, J. M.; O’Donnell, James J.; Kaprio, Jaakko; Koskenvuo, Markku

doi:10.1097/00006324-198909000-00005

Cited by 40 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…Several studies comparing monozygotic and dizygotic twins have investigated the genetic influence on astigmatic refractive errors, [96][97][98][99] including Teikari and O'Donnell, 96 Teikari and associates 97 and Valluri and colleagues. 98 All of these studies found significant differences in the intrapair correlations for spherical refractive errors between monozygotic and dizygotic twins, suggesting that genetic influences on myopia and hyperopia are strong.…”

Section: Genetics and Astigmatismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of astigmatism and its possible genesis

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Collins

Carney

2007

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

234

205

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Astigmatism is a refractive condition encountered commonly in clinical practice. This review presents an overview of research that has been carried out examining various aspects of this refractive error. We examine the components of astigmatism and the research into the prevalence and natural course of astigmatic refractive errors throughout life. The prevalence of astigmatism in various ethnic groups and diseases and syndromes is also discussed. We highlight the extensive investigations that have been conducted into the possible aetiology of astigmatism, however, no single model or theory of the development of astigmatism has been proven conclusively. Theories of the development of astigmatism based on genetics, extraocular muscle tension, visual feedback and eyelid pressure are considered. Observations and evidence from the literature supporting and contradicting these hypotheses are presented. Recent advances in technology such as wavefront sensors and videokeratoscopes have led to an increased understanding of ocular astigmatism and with continued improvements in technology, our knowledge of astigmatism and its genesis should continue to grow.

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Section: Genetics and Astigmatismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…99,100 Other studies favour a stronger environmental influence. [96][97][98]101 It would appear that both genetic and environmental factors have roles in the development of astigmatism. The exact nature of these mechanisms is still not fully understood.…”

Section: Genetics and Astigmatismmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of astigmatism and its possible genesis

Read

Collins

Carney

2007

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

234

205

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“…Thus it is difficult to assess the heritability of astigmatism. Nonetheless, over the last century, twin studies have attempted to investigate the heritability of astigmatism (Hammond et al, 2001;Teikari et al, 1989;Valluri et al, 1999). Teikari et al (1989) investigated the refraction of 72 female twin pairs aged between 30 and 31 years via postal surveys.…”

Section: Astigmatism In Twin Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, over the last century, twin studies have attempted to investigate the heritability of astigmatism (Hammond et al, 2001;Teikari et al, 1989;Valluri et al, 1999). Teikari et al (1989) investigated the refraction of 72 female twin pairs aged between 30 and 31 years via postal surveys. They found that concordance for astigmatism in MZ twin pairs was not significantly different from that found in DZ twins, implying there was little genetic influence in astigmatism.…”

Section: Astigmatism In Twin Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractive Errors in Twin Studies

et al. 2006

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It is estimated that 1.6 billion people worldwide have myopia, a refractive error, and this number is expected to increase to approximately 2.5 billion by the year 2020. It is now well established that both the environment and genetics play a role in the development of myopia. However, the exact contribution of each of these components to myopia development has yet to be completely determined. Twin studies (classical twin model) are commonly used to determine the weighting of genetic and environmental components in disease. Over the last century, twin studies have investigated the heritability of refractive errors in different sample populations and have collectively supported a genetic basis to refractive errors. However, different sample populations and methods of data collection have produced a wide range of heritability estimates ranging from .5 to .9. This article will review those twin studies that have investigated refractive error, particularly myopia, as well as biometric measures linked to refractive error, to compare heritability estimates and methodology designs.

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“…22 Genetic studies of families with a history of high myopia have uncovered some polymorphisms and separate loci for high myopia, such as on chromosome 18p and 12q, 23,24 and in the myocilin, 25 TGF, 26 PAX6, 27 and COL1A1 genes. 28 These polymorphisms indicate a genetic predisposition to the development of high myopia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between lumican gene polymorphisms and high myopia

Lin

Wan

Tsai

et al. 2009

Eye

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Purposes Lumican (LUM) is one of the major extracellular matrix components of the sclera. Increasing evidence suggests that changes in the structure and composition of the sclera are major factors in regulating scleral integrity and axial elongation of the eye, as in myopia. Patients and methods Patients (n ¼ 182; age range, 17-24 years) were with a myopic spherical equivalent (SE) 46.5 diopters (D) and the control group comprised individuals (n ¼ 78; age range, 17-25 years) were with a myopic SE o0.5 D. The DNA fragments were separated by horizontal electrophoresis on 3% agarose gels. The forward primer was labelled with a 5 0 FAM and the reaction products were detected using a 3100 Genetic Analyzer.Results The polymorphisms detected in this study were LUM c.601, LUM À59, LUM À628, and LUM À1554. Moreover, the haplotype distributions of Ht1 (C/A/CC/T), Ht2 (C/A/-/T), Ht3 (T/A/CC/C), Ht4 (T/-/CC/T), Ht5 (T/-/CC/C), and Ht6 (T/-/-/C) of these polymorphisms were compared between the two groups. The haplotype frequencies of Ht1, Ht2, Ht5, and Ht6 differed significantly between the two groups (P ¼ 2.08 Â 10 , OR: 4.71, 95% CI: 2.12-10.5, respectively). Conclusions These observations suggest that the four polymorphisms of the LUM promoter contribute to the pathogenesis of high myopia. Understanding the functions of LUM in myopia helps us design new methods in treating and preventing myopia.

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Genetic and Environmental Effects on Oculometric Traits

Cited by 40 publications

References 0 publications

A review of astigmatism and its possible genesis

A review of astigmatism and its possible genesis

Refractive Errors in Twin Studies

The association between lumican gene polymorphisms and high myopia

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