Genetic and Environmental Influences on Level of Habitual Physical Activity and Exercise Participation

Pérusse, Louis; Tremblay, Angelo; Leblanc, Claude; Bouchard, Claude

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115205

Cited by 282 publications

(190 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Physical fitness and insulin sensitivity are known to be associated [54,55] and the effect of inheritance on physical activity has been estimated to be low [56,57]. It can reasonably be assumed that the exercise habits of the twins also contributed in our study to the variance observed in glucose uptake.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in monozygotic and dizygotic twins

et al. 2000

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There is plenty of evidence that Type II (non-insulindependent) diabetes mellitusis a disease with a strong genetic predisposition [1±3]. In Finland, the estimated lifetime relative risk (l) of developing diabetes for a sibling to a person with Type II diabetes is about three [4]. This value decreases with age suggesting that environmental factors become more important with increasing age. Obesity and physical inactivity are the most important triggers of the disease. Several twin studies have provided unequivocal support for the genetic nature of the adult-onset type of diabetes, i. Abstract Aims/hypothesis. To estimate the heritability of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion, both of which are considered to contribute to the development of Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Methods. Intraclass correlation coefficients and heritability estimates for insulin sensitivity (euglycaemic clamp) as well as first-phase and late-phase insulin secretion (intravenous glucose tolerance test) were calculated in 21 monozygotic and 20 dizygotic twin pairs of the same sex between 54 and 72 years of age. Results. Intrapair correlations for all traits were consistently higher in monozygotic than in dizygotic pairs. Insulin secretion correlated significantly only between monozygotic (first-phase r = 0.55; p = 0.003 and late-phase r = 0.66; p < 0.001) twins giving heritability estimates of 0.55 and 0.58, respectively. Insulinstimulated glucose uptake showed a more modest correlation between monozygotic twins (r = 0.46; p = 0.015). The heritability estimate was 0.37. The heritability estimate for waist-to-hip ratio was 0.76 in female and 0.70 in male twins. Conclusion/interpretation. Genetic variability seems to contribute to the variance of insulin sensitivity as well as of insulin secretion. In the current study, genetic variance accounted almost 60 % for the variance in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and almost 40 % for the variance in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Our data is also compatible with findings in monogenic forms of diabetes in which genetic defects in insulin secretion play a predominant part in the pathogenesis of hyperglycaemia. [Diabetologia (2000) Corresponding author: M. Lehtovirta, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, PO Box 346, FIN-00 029 HYKS, Finland Abbreviations: MZ, Monozygotic; DZ, dizygotic; MODY, maturity-onset diabetes of the young; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio; FFM, fat-free mass; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPI, first-phase insulin secretion in IVGTT; LPI, late-phase insulin secretion in IVGTT; Intraclass r, intraclass correlation coefficient; h 2 , heritability; A, additive component of variance; C, variance component due to shared environment; D, variance component due to dominance; E, variance component due to non-shared environmental influences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in monozygotic and dizygotic twins

et al. 2000

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“…Although psychosocial factors may partially explain this variation (Sallis and Hovell, 1990), evidence is also available supporting a biological basis. Genetic studies have estimated the heritability of PA to range from 29 to 63% (Kaprio et al, 1981;Perusse et al, 1989;Maia et al, 2002). Thus, we can conclude that heredity, to some degree, contributes to the variation in Variability in habitual physical activity EE Wickel and JC Eisenmann PA levels between individuals; however, possibly more important, these results imply that proposed lifestyle strategies aimed at increasing levels of PA need to be different among people.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Within- and between-individual variability in estimated energy expenditure and habitual physical activity among young adults

Wickel

Eisenmann

2005

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: To examine the within-and between-individual variability in the estimated total energy expenditure (TEE) and habitual physical activity (PA) in free-living young adults. We were specifically interested in the day-to-day variation. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: University. Subjects: A total of 277 (125 males, 152 females) participants aged 18-24 years. Interventions: None. Main outcome measures: Subjects recorded their daily PA with the Bouchard 3-day diary. Descriptive statistics for TEE, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), inactivity (IA), and activity energy expenditure (AEE) were calculated and presented as a frequency distribution. Within-and between-individual variability were tested by RMANOVA and also presented as the coefficient of variation (CV). Results: Mean values for TEE, MVPA, AEE, and IA were comparable between males and females; however, considerable between-individual variability existed. Only MVPA showed a significant difference between sexes (Po0.05), due to slightly greater vigorous PA in males compared to females (8.0 and 6.8 kcal/kg/day, respectively; P ¼ 0.12). Results from the RMANOVA revealed no significant day-to-day variability in any TEE or PA variable and the CVs were not significantly different between males and females. TEE and IA displayed mean CVs of approximately 12% while mean CVs for AEE and MVPA approximated 32 and 84%, respectively. Conclusions: Results from this study suggest (1) a limited day-to-day variability in TEE and (2) a large degree of betweenindividual variation for TEE and PA exist. This study highlights the importance of understanding the variability associated with TEE, which is important for PA measurement and proper PA and nutritional recommendations. Sponsorship: None.

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“…It is possible that physical activity has differential associations with food intake for men and women. Finally, evidence of signi®cant genetic or biological in¯u-ences on physical activity and weight have been reported, 27,28 it is possible that such biological factors play a role in determining the strength of the relationship between physical activity and weight in men and women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of physical activity with body weight and fat in men and women

et al. 2001

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OBJECTIVE: Increasing physical activity is strongly advocated as a key public health strategy for weight gain prevention. We investigated associations of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and occupationaladomestic physical activity with body mass index (BMI) and a skinfold-derived index of body fat (sum of six skinfolds), among normal-weight and overweight men and women. DESIGN: Analyses of cross-sectional self-report and measured anthropometric data. SUBJECTS: A total of 1302 men and women, aged 18 ± 78 y, who were part of a randomly selected sample and who agreed to participate in a physical health assessment. MEASUREMENTS: Self-report measures of physical activity, measured height and weight, and a skinfold-derived index of body fatness. RESULTS: Higher levels of LTPA were positively associated with the likelihood of being in the normal BMI and lower body fat range for women, but few or no associations were found for men. No associations were found between measures of occupationaladomestic activity and BMI or body fat for men or women. CONCLUSION: By using a skinfold sum as a more direct measure of adiposity, this study extends and con®rms the previous research that has shown an association between BMI and LTPA. Our results suggest gender differences in the relationship of leisure-time physical activity with body fatness. These ®ndings, in conjunction with a better understanding of the causes of such differences, will have important public health implications for the development and targeting of weight gain prevention strategies. International Journal of Obesity (2001) 25, 914 ± 919

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Genetic and Environmental Influences on Level of Habitual Physical Activity and Exercise Participation

Cited by 282 publications

References 28 publications

Insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in monozygotic and dizygotic twins

Insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in monozygotic and dizygotic twins

Within- and between-individual variability in estimated energy expenditure and habitual physical activity among young adults

Associations of physical activity with body weight and fat in men and women

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