2018
DOI: 10.5217/ir.2018.16.3.327
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Genetic and epigenetic alterations of colorectal cancer

Abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) arise from multi-step carcinogenesis due to genetic mutations and epigenetic modifications of human genome. Genetic mutations and epigenetic modifications were originally established as 2 independent mechanisms contributing to colorectal carcinogenesis. However, recent evidences demonstrate that there are interactions between these 2 mechanisms. Genetic mutations enable disruption of epigenetic controls while epigenetic modifications can initiate genomic instability and carcinogenesis. … Show more

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Cited by 112 publications
(85 citation statements)
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“…The evolving understanding of the genetic heterogeneity of CRC suggests however, that a purely pathologic classification is insufficient to determine optimal therapy. The model of progressive stepwise accumulation of genetic and epigenetic events leading to adenoma and carcinoma formation is well described [2]. This includes 'driver' alterations in tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, leading to the currently utilized predictive and prognostic clinical biomarkers such as microsatellite instability (MSI) due to deficient mismatch repair (dMMR), Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) and mutational status of various single genes (e.g., KRAS and BRAF).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The evolving understanding of the genetic heterogeneity of CRC suggests however, that a purely pathologic classification is insufficient to determine optimal therapy. The model of progressive stepwise accumulation of genetic and epigenetic events leading to adenoma and carcinoma formation is well described [2]. This includes 'driver' alterations in tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, leading to the currently utilized predictive and prognostic clinical biomarkers such as microsatellite instability (MSI) due to deficient mismatch repair (dMMR), Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) and mutational status of various single genes (e.g., KRAS and BRAF).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…1 Most colorectal cancers originate from precancerous polyps. 2 Therefore, to decrease mortality, it is extremely important to identify precancerous polyps or early colorectal www.irjournal.org cinoma and lymphovascular invasion or tumor budding. [7][8][9][10][11] If these indications are followed, there is no difference in longterm outcomes between endoscopic resection and surgery in SSMC.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, the underlying molecular mechanisms of CRC carcinogenesis and progression has not yet been fully understood. In recent years, research has reported that CRC develops through the accumulation of genetic mutants and epigenetic modi cations [5][6][7]. Thus, it is extremely necessary to develop a better understanding of development and progression of CRC to identify the novel improved therapeutic strategies for CRC patients.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%