Genetic and Epigenetic Mechanisms in Down Syndrome Brain

Lu, Jie; Sheen, Volney L.

doi:10.5772/52807

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 149 publications

(149 reference statements)

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“…Biopolymers find technological application in many fields such as the food, microbiological, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. In many of these industries, the mostly used biopolymers are proteins and polysaccharides and are often applied in the production of colloidal dispersions such as foams or emulsions [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors Affecting the Stability of Emulsions Stabilised by Biopolymers

Maphosa¹,

Jideani²

2018

Science and Technology Behind Nanoemulsions

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There has been an increase in consumer demand for healthy food products made from natural ingredients. This demand has been partly addressed by the substitution of natural alternatives to synthetic ingredients. One such example in this endeavour, is the study of the application of natural biopolymers as food emulsion stabilisers. When biopolymers such as proteins and polysaccharides or their complexes are applied as emulsion stabilisers, they exhibit different modes of action. These include acting as emulsifiers (polypeptides), increasing the viscosity of the medium (polysaccharides), reducing coalescence by coating individual droplets as well as acting as weighting agents (polysaccharides and polypeptides). Biopolymers can be covalently complexed using chemical, enzymatic or thermal treatments. These treatments generally increase the robustness and solubility of the final complexes. Biopolymer complexes have been reported to show higher stability to varying temperatures, pH and ionic strength. When two incompatible biopolymers are mixed, either associative or segregative phase separation occurs. The former involves separation of oppositely charged polymers due to electrostatic repulsion and the latter involves separation of similarly charged or neutral biopolymers. In this chapter, the stabilising effect, complexation, mode of action, phase behaviour and future application of biopolymers in emulsions are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biopolymers are long chain molecules composed of monomers covalently bonded together to form larger structures and can be divided into three groups, namely, polysaccharides, polypeptides and polynucleotides [1]. The scope of this review is limited to polysaccharides and polypeptides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting the Stability of Emulsions Stabilised by Biopolymers

Maphosa¹,

Jideani²

2018

Science and Technology Behind Nanoemulsions

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“…In this paper, a comparison is held between the Water Cycle Optimization Technique (WCOT) and the Genetic Algorithm (GA). The topology of the Genetic Algorithm is based on the biological evolution process of computational data and the mechanism of natural genetics selection [34,35]. GA is composed of three main significant operators, which are reproduction, crossover and mutation.…”

Section: Genetic Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Hybrid Micro-Grid Integration for Optimal Power Sharing-Based Water Cycle Optimization Technique

et al. 2018

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“…Finite element (FE) analysis is a computational modelling technique that allows prediction of the mechanical behaviour of structures. Used for orthopaedic biomechanics since the early 1970's it has been increasingly utilized by a number of authors to study structural-mechanical problems such as stress and strain analysis of bone, joints, and load-bearing implants (Huiskes and Chao, 1983;Kluess et al, 2010). Computer modelling allows a large number of scenarios to be tested with little extra cost per test making it advantageous over traditional experimental studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periprosthetic fracture fixation of the femur following total hip arthroplasty: A review of biomechanical testing – Part II

Wang

Kenanidis

Miodownik

et al. 2019

Clinical Biomechanics

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Background: Periprosthetic femoral fracture is a severe complication of total hip arthroplasty. A previous review published in 2011 summarised the biomechanical studies regarding periprosthetic femoral fracture and its fixation techniques. Since then, there have been several commercially available fracture plates designed specifically for the treatment of these fractures. However, several clinical studies still report failure of fixation treatments used for these fractures. Methods: The current literature on biomechanical models of periprosthetic femoral fracture fixation since 2010 to present is reviewed. The methodologies involved in the experimental and computational studies of periprosthetic femoral fracture fixation are described and compared with particular focus on the recent developments. Findings: Several issues raised in the previous review paper have been addressed by current studies; such as validating computational results with experimental data. Current experimental studies are more sophisticated in design. Computational studies have been useful in studying fixation methods or conditions (such as bone healing) that are difficult to study in vivo or in vitro. However, a few issues still remain and are highlighted. Interpretation: The increased use of computational studies in investigating periprosthetic femoral fracture fixation techniques has proven valuable. Existing protocols for testing periprosthetic femoral fracture fixation need to be standardised in order to make more direct and conclusive comparisons between studies. A consensus on the 'optimum' treatment method for periprosthetic femoral fracture fixation needs to be achieved.

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Genetic and Epigenetic Mechanisms in Down Syndrome Brain

Cited by 15 publications

References 149 publications

Factors Affecting the Stability of Emulsions Stabilised by Biopolymers

Factors Affecting the Stability of Emulsions Stabilised by Biopolymers

Smart Hybrid Micro-Grid Integration for Optimal Power Sharing-Based Water Cycle Optimization Technique

Periprosthetic fracture fixation of the femur following total hip arthroplasty: A review of biomechanical testing – Part II

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