Genetic and epigenetic modes of the regulation of somatic embryogenesis: a review

Sivanesan, Iyyakkannu; Nayeem, Safia; Venkidasamy, Baskar; Kuppuraj, Sree Preethy; Rn, Chithraanjane; Samynathan, Ramkumar

doi:10.1007/s42977-022-00126-3

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 195 publications

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“…In a theoretical study, Feher [24] posed the important problem of the correct interpretation of the terms "callus" and "somatic embryogenesis", as well as the related terms "dedifferentiation" and "totipotence". Sivanesan et al [50], considering somatic embryogenesis to be a mode of stimulated plant cell totipotency, presented a review of the works devoted to the influences of major factors (nature of explant, abiotic stresses, concentration and variation of plant growth regulators) on the induction and regulation of somatic embryogenesis, including indirect somatic embryogenesis in callus cultures in vitro. Tretyakova and Mineev [51] analyzed data of indirect in vitro somatic embryogenesis in comparison with another system of asexual reproduction, which is apomixis.…”

Section: Histological Approach To the Evaluation Of In Vitro Morphoge...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological Approach to the Study of Morphogenesis in Callus Cultures In Vitro: A Review

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Zinatullina

Yegorova

2023

IJPB

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The use of in vitro callus cultures as experimental model systems allows us to get closer to understanding the patterns and features of morphogenesis in intact plants. In this regard, the problem of realizing the morphogenetic potential of callus cells due to their pluri- and totipotency properties is of great interest. To solve this problem, it is important to use the histological approach, which involves studying the structures of developing tissues, organs and organisms in their interactions and relationships. This review article analyzes data devoted to the study of the histological features of formed primary morphogenic calli (formation of morphogenetic centers and superficial meristematic zones), as well as the in vitro morphogenesis pathways in calli that lead to the formation of regenerants (de novo organogenesis and in vitro somatic embryogenesis). The terminology used is considered. Some questions for discussion are raised. The opinion is expressed that histological (structural) studies should be considered as a methodologic basis for further investigation of various morphogenetic scenarios in in vitro callus cultures, especially in economically valuable plants and for biotechnological purposes.

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Section: Histological Approach To the Evaluation Of In Vitro Morphoge...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological Approach to the Study of Morphogenesis in Callus Cultures In Vitro: A Review

Круглова

Zinatullina

Yegorova

2023

IJPB

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“…The somatic embryogenesis is unaffected in the wus mutant of Arabidopsis, although malformations in the shoot meristem were recognized [80]. Furthermore, numerous studies have shown that WUS expression is often induced during the induction of SEs, and overexpression is associated with a more significant SE differentiation in some species [88,292]. In addition, the concomitant overexpression of BBM and WUS in monocots promotes SE induction, with a consequent increase in Agrobacterium-mediated transformation percentage [174].…”

Section: Conclusion and Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of Somatic Embryogenesis in Plants: Different Players and Focus on WUSCHEL and WUS-RELATED HOMEOBOX (WOX) Transcription Factors

Fambrini

Usai

Pugliesi

2022

IJMS

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In plants, other cells can express totipotency in addition to the zygote, thus resulting in embryo differentiation; this appears evident in apomictic and epiphyllous plants. According to Haberlandt’s theory, all plant cells can regenerate a complete plant if the nucleus and the membrane system are intact. In fact, under in vitro conditions, ectopic embryos and adventitious shoots can develop from many organs of the mature plant body. We are beginning to understand how determination processes are regulated and how cell specialization occurs. However, we still need to unravel the mechanisms whereby a cell interprets its position, decides its fate, and communicates it to others. The induction of somatic embryogenesis might be based on a plant growth regulator signal (auxin) to determine an appropriate cellular environment and other factors, including stress and ectopic expression of embryo or meristem identity transcription factors (TFs). Still, we are far from having a complete view of the regulatory genes, their target genes, and their action hierarchy. As in animals, epigenetic reprogramming also plays an essential role in re-establishing the competence of differentiated cells to undergo somatic embryogenesis. Herein, we describe the functions of WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX (WOX) transcription factors in regulating the differentiation–dedifferentiation cell process and in the developmental phase of in vitro regenerated adventitious structures.

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“…The shortest definition of somatic embryogenesis (SE) is the formation of somatic embryos from somatic cells without fertilization [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. During SE, somatic cells acquire an embryonic character due to the dedifferentiation of non-zygotic cells, the activation of cell division, and the reprogramming of the cell’s fate (for review, see [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]). The SE can be divided into several stages: induction, expression, development, maturation, germination, and plant conversion [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During SE, somatic cells acquire an embryonic character due to the dedifferentiation of non-zygotic cells, the activation of cell division, and the reprogramming of the cell’s fate (for review, see [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]). The SE can be divided into several stages: induction, expression, development, maturation, germination, and plant conversion [ 5 ]. Many factors regulate SE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apoplastic and Symplasmic Markers of Somatic Embryogenesis

Kurczyńska

Godel-Jędrychowska

2023

Plants

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Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a process that scientists have been trying to understand for many years because, on the one hand, it is a manifestation of the totipotency of plant cells, so it enables the study of the mechanisms regulating this process, and, on the other hand, it is an important method of plant propagation. Using SE in basic research and in practice is invaluable. This article describes the latest, but also historical, information on changes in the chemical composition of the cell wall during the transition of cells from the somatic to embryogenic state, and the importance of symplasmic communication during SE. Among wall chemical components, different pectic, AGP, extensin epitopes, and lipid transfer proteins have been discussed as potential apoplastic markers of explant cells during the acquisition of embryogenic competence. The role of symplasmic communication/isolation during SE has also been discussed, paying particular attention to the formation of symplasmic domains within and between cells that carry out different developmental processes. Information about the number and functionality of plasmodesmata (PD) and callose deposition as the main player in symplasmic isolation has also been presented.

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Genetic and epigenetic modes of the regulation of somatic embryogenesis: a review

Cited by 16 publications

References 195 publications

Histological Approach to the Study of Morphogenesis in Callus Cultures In Vitro: A Review

Histological Approach to the Study of Morphogenesis in Callus Cultures In Vitro: A Review

Induction of Somatic Embryogenesis in Plants: Different Players and Focus on WUSCHEL and WUS-RELATED HOMEOBOX (WOX) Transcription Factors

Apoplastic and Symplasmic Markers of Somatic Embryogenesis

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