Abstract:"Outbreak" is a term referring to a virus or a parasite that is transmitted very aggressively and therefore could potentially cause fatalities, as the recent Ebola and Zika epidemics did. Nevertheless, looking back through history, quite a few outbreaks have been reported, which turned out so deadly that essentially changed, molded and literally reshaped the society as it is today. In the present chapter, differences and similarities between the two most recent outbreaks have been studied, in order to pinpoint… Show more
“…Although, during the 114th Congress session, when the Republican party held the majority both in Senate and House, the elected House representatives from the thirteen Previously-confederate states were introducing harsher and more restrictive immigration bills compared to the overall duration of the current study. Moreover, the immigration bills introduced by the Texas and Alabama representatives are cumulatively less restrictive compared to only the 114th Congress session, when both the Zika and Ebola diseases were at the peak of public attention and CDC coverage (Adida et al 2020 ; Carter 2016 ; CDC 2020b , 2021 ; Vlachakis et al 2018 ). Fig.…”
Section: The Previously-confederate States and Immigration Billsmentioning
The continuing health crisis (COVID-19) reinforces a historical pattern in which partisan-elected officials engage as legislative policy entrepreneurs (LPE) and use the health crisis time as a policy window to advance specifically restricted agendas by (re)introducing immigration bills on the House and Senate. The current exploratory qualitative study utilizes the theoretical underpinning of Kingdon’s Multiple Streams Framework (MSF) to analyze the US House immigration bills from 2013 to 2021. The qualitative method of content relational analysis was applied in this research to capture the shifts and changes in (re)introduced immigration bills (
n
= 904) in the US House of Representatives for the 113th, 114th, 115th, and 116th sessions. Capturing and examining the underlying tone, word choices, and proposed measures in these immigration bills during health and non-health crisis periods received special attention. The qualitative relational content analysis revealed three major themes: (1) During public health crises (Ebola, Zika, and the first two years of COVID-19), restrictive House immigration bills tend to rise sharply; (2) Elected representatives from the Southern States are more likely to introduce restrictive immigration bills during health crises; and (3) Restrictive immigration bills are more likely to receive partisan support (bill co-sponsors) during health crises. The findings emphasize the need for inclusive agenda-setting during health crises and provide light on adaptive measures for supporting underprivileged immigrant communities with increased access to healthcare and public support.
“…Although, during the 114th Congress session, when the Republican party held the majority both in Senate and House, the elected House representatives from the thirteen Previously-confederate states were introducing harsher and more restrictive immigration bills compared to the overall duration of the current study. Moreover, the immigration bills introduced by the Texas and Alabama representatives are cumulatively less restrictive compared to only the 114th Congress session, when both the Zika and Ebola diseases were at the peak of public attention and CDC coverage (Adida et al 2020 ; Carter 2016 ; CDC 2020b , 2021 ; Vlachakis et al 2018 ). Fig.…”
Section: The Previously-confederate States and Immigration Billsmentioning
The continuing health crisis (COVID-19) reinforces a historical pattern in which partisan-elected officials engage as legislative policy entrepreneurs (LPE) and use the health crisis time as a policy window to advance specifically restricted agendas by (re)introducing immigration bills on the House and Senate. The current exploratory qualitative study utilizes the theoretical underpinning of Kingdon’s Multiple Streams Framework (MSF) to analyze the US House immigration bills from 2013 to 2021. The qualitative method of content relational analysis was applied in this research to capture the shifts and changes in (re)introduced immigration bills (
n
= 904) in the US House of Representatives for the 113th, 114th, 115th, and 116th sessions. Capturing and examining the underlying tone, word choices, and proposed measures in these immigration bills during health and non-health crisis periods received special attention. The qualitative relational content analysis revealed three major themes: (1) During public health crises (Ebola, Zika, and the first two years of COVID-19), restrictive House immigration bills tend to rise sharply; (2) Elected representatives from the Southern States are more likely to introduce restrictive immigration bills during health crises; and (3) Restrictive immigration bills are more likely to receive partisan support (bill co-sponsors) during health crises. The findings emphasize the need for inclusive agenda-setting during health crises and provide light on adaptive measures for supporting underprivileged immigrant communities with increased access to healthcare and public support.
“…The commentary section of Jalview, which presents the amino-acid conservation using logos and histograms, was further observed to uncover novel motifs (40). Lastly, phylogenetic analysis was performed with MATLAB Bioinformatics Toolbox, utilizing the Unweighted Pair-Group Method (UPGMA) (41). The constructed phylogenetic tree was visualized using the MEGA radiation option, and the final clusters were separated by different colors (42).…”
Section: Multiple Sequence Alignment Conserved Motifs and Phylogeneti...mentioning
TANK binding kinase 1 protein (TBK1) is a kinase that belongs to the IκB (IKK) family. TBK1, also known as T2K, FTDALS4, NAK, IIAE8 and NF-κB, is responsible for the phosphorylation of the amino acid residues Serine and Threonine. This enzyme is involved in various key biological processes, including interferon activation and production, homeostasis, cell growth, autophagy, insulin production and the regulation of TNF-α, IFN-β and IL-6. Mutations in the TBK1 gene alter the protein’s normal function and may lead to an array of pathological conditions, including disorders of the Central Nervous System. The present study sought to elucidate the role of the TBK1 protein in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), a human neurodegenerative disorder. A broad evolutionary and phylogenetic analysis of TBK1 was performed across numerous organisms to distinguish conserved regions important for the protein’s function. Subsequently, mutations and SNPs were explored and their potential effect on the enzyme’s function was investigated. These analytical steps, in combination with the study of the secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure of TBK1, enabled the identification of conserved motifs, which can function as novel pharmacological targets and inform therapeutic strategies for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.
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