Genetic and Molecular Genetic Basis of Nuclear-Plastid Incompatibilities

Abstract

Genetic analysis of nuclear-cytoplasm incompatibilities is not straightforward and requires an elaborated experimental design. A number of species have been genetically studied, but notable advances in genetic mapping of nuclear loci involved in nuclear-plastid incompatibility have been achieved only in wheat and pea. This review focuses on the study of the genetic background underlying nuclear-plastid incompatibilities, including cases where the molecular genetic basis of such incompatibility has been unveiled, such as in tobacco, Oenothera, pea, and wheat.

The History and Diversity of Rice Domestication as Resolved From 1464 Complete Plastid Genomes

“…Because plastids are not thought to be a target of selection during domestication and are mostly uniparentally inherited, they are considered superb markers to avoid the interruption of artificial intervention to the genomic mutation rate in resolving the geographic origins and timing of domestication in crop species. While these and similar characteristics do make plastid data well suited for resolving questions of crop origin such data are also not expected to be entirely neutral during domestication as plastids are important in numerous organismic processes such as environmental adaptation, growth rate, and cytonuclear incompatibility during reproduction ( Allen, 2005 ; Greiner et al, 2011 ; Roux et al, 2016 ; Bogdanova, 2019 ; Flood et al, 2020 ). By combining plastome data with data from nuclear sequences, phenotype, and crop characteristics the degree to which plastid genes are involved in the process of domestication and improvement can be more effectively assessed.…”

Tracing the Maternal Line in Glacial–Interglacial Migrations of Populus tremuloides: Finding Trees for Future Sustainable Forests by Searching in the Past

“…Furthermore, the use of plastome data would improve the study of photosynthetic metabolism [61] and spectral imaging [62] in aspen given the central importance of chloroplasts in these pathways and the production of light-harvesting pigments. Plastome data, in conjunction with nuclear loci, would also be useful in detecting cytoplasmic incompatibilities (or a lack thereof) that are involved in the establishment and maintenance of divergent lineages [63] in P. tremuloides and other Populus species.…”

Review of the Genesis of Plant Pathology and Its Relation to the Phytiatry as a Necessary Element in the Sustainable Development of Agronomy

“…The content of the book is structured in two parts, the first in which he places the diseases by their causes in three groups: climatic conditions, soil conditions, and diseases of unknown nature; the action of animals; and phanerogamous and cryptogamous parasitic plants [9] (pp. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. The second is devoted to diseases specific to cereal, cruciferous, tuber and bulb crops, crops in which they caused significant production losses [9] (pp.…”

“…That various hereditary diseases should be admitted in plants is something that seems beyond doubt" [33] (p. 79). The genetic study of these diseases [34][35][36][37] has been exploited by geneticists to breed new varieties of great interest in the food [38] and ornamental (variegation) sectors [39].…”

“…The etiological reason Blanco used to elaborate his plant pathology, a criterion later also used by Künh [9] (pp. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41], was not taken up by all scientists studying plant diseases. In England, from 1854 onward, the Reverend Miles Joseph Berkeley wrote articles in "The Gardeners Chronicle" convinced that there should be a branch of science that should be called plant pathology, a science that should follow the same principles that doctors use for the diseases of man and that he classified by their symptoms into forty-two classes including unproductiveness, old age, sunstroke, warts, etc.…”